Oskar Kraus

Oskar Kraus (July 24, 1872, Prague - September 26, 1942, Oxford) was a Czech philosopher, jurist.

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Life

Oskar Kraus, who converted from the Jewish to the Protestant faith, was the son of Hermann Kraus and Clara Reitler-Eidlitz. In 1899 he married Bertha Chitz.

In 1890 he began to study jurisprudence and philosophy under Friedrich Jodl and Anton Marty, who introduced him into Franz Brentano's philosophy. Kraus made his Doctor of Philosophy in 1895 and attained the habilitation in philosophy in 1902. In 1909 he became Professor extraordinarius and in 1916 Professor ordinarius. After the Germans occupied Czechoslovakia in 1939, Kraus was put into an concentration camp; however, after he was released he fled to Great Britain. At the University Edinburgh he held Gifford Lectures in 1941. In 1942 he died because of cancer.[1][2]

Work

During World War I, Kraus worked on topics in relation to war and ethics and wrote important works in the field of Public international law.

Influenced by Brentano, Kraus developed an apriori value theory, which was formulated in opposition to marxistic value theory. He also applied this method on economics,

Based on his ideas on law and duty he developed a juristic hermeneutics in the field of Jurisprudence, and criticized historism and positivism.

Kraus was also known for his criticism of the theory of relativity, which was according to him an accumulation of "absurdities" (like the constancy of the speed of light) and "mathematical fictions".

References

  1. ^ Friedbert Holz: Kraus, Oskar. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 12. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, p. 696–698. (German)
  2. ^ Gifford Lectures: Oskar Kraus, (Publications taken from this source)

Publications

External links