| Orekhovo-Zuyevo (English) Орехово-Зуево (Russian) |
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Orekhovo-Zuyevo Old Administration building |
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Location of Moscow Oblast in Russia |
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Orekhovo-Zuyevo
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| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Moscow Oblast |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Orekhovo-Zuyevo Urban Okrug |
| Head | Oleg Aparin |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 36 km2 (14 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
120,620 inhabitants[1] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 135th |
| Population (2002 Census) | 122,248 inhabitants[2] |
| - Rank in 2002 | 134th |
| Density | 3,351 /km2 (8,680 /sq mi)[3] |
| Time zone | MSD (UTC+04:00)[4] |
| Founded | 1917 |
| Postal code(s) | 142600—142619 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 496 |
| Official website | |
Orekhovo-Zuyevo (Russian: Оре́хово-Зу́ево) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 85 kilometers (53 mi) east of Moscow. It is situated in a forested area on the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka). The city was established in 1917 when three villages (Orekhovo, Zuyevo, and Nikolskoye) were merged, hence its name. Population: 120,620 (2010 Census preliminary results);[1] 122,248 (2002 Census);[2] 137,198 (1989 Census).[5]
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The first known facts about Orekhovo-Zuyevo date back to 1209. The place was mentioned in the Moscow Chronicles as the place called "Volochok" where the battle between Valdimir's prince Yury and Ryazan's prince Izyaslav took place. The name "Volochok" (or as it was later called "Zuyev Volochok") is derived from the slavic word for portage[6]: a place where wooden ships were carried by land from one river to the other. In this place in particular, the ships were usually moved by land between the rivers Klyazma and Nerskaya.
The villages Orekhovo and Zuyevo were mentioned in the chronicle a few more times in the Middle Ages.
In 1797, serf peasant Savva Morozov opened his first silk factory in Zuyevo. Later he shifted from silk to wool. In 1823, profits from his business allowed him to be freed from serfdom. In 1830, he moved his factories to the opposite bank of the Klyazma River to the place that was later named Nikolskoye.
At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Orekhovo-Zuyevo was the third largest textile city in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The first and largest Russian strike occurred in 1885 at the Morozov's textile factories in Orekhovo-Zuyevo, starting on January 7, 1885 and lasting for several weeks, creating momentum for the revolutionary movement in Russia.
Orekhovo-Zuyevo was granted town status in 1917.
For almost two centuries the economy of Orekhovo-Zuyevo was built on the textile industry, growing up around Savva Morozov's textile production. Cotton production in Orekhovo-Zuyevo made the city the third largest industrial center in Russia at the turn of the 20th century. After the communist revolution of 1917, Morozov's textile mills were nationalized, becoming known as "Orekhovo-Zuyevskiy Khlopchato-Bumazhnyy Kombinat" (the Orekhovo-Zuyevo Cotton Center). Textile production continued until the 1990s, when the Soviet Union textile industry collapsed due to poor management and the inability to compete with cheaper and better imported textiles. Almost all production was shut down, and the factory halls were turned into market areas and trading centers.
The city is the home of the oldest association football team in Russia. The first football team in Orekhovo-Zuyevo was organized by British G.G. Charnock, the vice-president of the Moscow Football League. It has played under several different names. In the early years it was known as "Morozovtsy" (named after the Morozov family which owned the textile production in the city). During the Soviet era the team played under the name "Znamya Truda" (the Banner of Labor, or Labor Flag). After the collapse of the communist regime the team was purchased by Spartak (Moscow) and became one of Spartak's farm teams, known as "Spartak-Orekhovo". In 2003 the team changed its name back to "Znamya Truda".
In 1962 "Znamya Truda" reached the USSR Cup finals in 1962, losing to "Shakhtar" (Donetsk) 0:2.
In the 2007 football season, "Znamya Truda" played in the Central Zone of the Second Division.
Olympic medalist and Junior European champion Anna Pavlova was born in Orekhovo-Zuyevo.
Orekhovo-Zuyevo is famous for its badminton school. The city usually hosts the All-Russian badminton championships.
There are three athletic/football stadiums in the city: "Znamya Truda", "Torpedo", and "Khimik".
The swimming complex "Neptun" is adjacent to the "Znamya Truda" stadium. The swimming pool has 25-meter lanes.
A new sport complex facility "Vostok" was opened in 2007 by the Moscow Region governor Gromov.
Orekhovo-Zuyevo is twinned with: