Orchidoideae

The Orchidoideae, or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae).

They typically contain the orchids with a single (monandrous), fertile anther which is erect and basitonic.

The subfamily Orchidoideae and the previously recognized subfamily Spiranthoideae are considered the closest allies in the natural group of the monandrous orchids because of

• a shared terrestrial habit
• sectile (capable of being severed) or granular pollinia
• erect anthers.

The Orchidoideae contain two subclades with the following tribes :

• tribes Orchideae and Diseae
• tribes Cranichideae and Diurideae

The former subfamily Spiranthoideae is now embedded as tribe Cranichideae in the clade of the Orchidoideae. It is sister to the tribe Diurideae.

The tribe Orchideae consists of the following subtribes:

• Habenariinae
• Orchidinae

The tribe Diseae consists of the following subtribes:

• Disinae
• Satyriinae

The monophyletic tribe Cranichideae consists of the following monophyletic subtribes :

• Achlydosinae
• Pterostylidinae
• Chloraeinae
• Goodyerinae s.l. (including former Pachyplectroninae)
• Galeottiellinae
• Manniellinae
• Cranichidinae s.l. (including former Prescottiinae)
• Spiranthinae

The tribe Diurideae consists of the following subtribes :

• Acianthinae (monophyleric)
• Caladeniinae (polyphyletic)
• Cryptostylidinae (monophyletic)
• Diuridinae (monophyletic)
• Drakaeinae (monophyletic)
• Prasophyllinae(monophyletic)
• Thelymitrinae (monophyletic)

References

• RICHARD M. BATEMAN, PETER M. HOLLINGSWORTH, JILLIAN PRESTON, LUO YI-BO, ALEC M. PRIDGEON and MARK W. CHASE (May 2003). "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (1). doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x. 

• Pridgeon, A.M., P.J. Cribb, M.W. Chase and F.N. Rasmussen [eds.]. 2003. Genera Orchidacearum vol. 3: Orchidoideae part 2, Vanilloideae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.

• Salazar, G.A., M.W. Chase, M.A. Soto Arenas and M. Ingrouille. 2003. Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 90: 777-795.

• Salazar, G.A., L.I. Cabrera, S. Madriñán and M.W. Chase. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of Cranichidinae and Prescottiinae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. Annals of Botany 104: 403-416. [1]

• Chemisquy, M.A., Morrone, O.: (2010) Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Chloraeinae (Orchidaceae): a preliminary approach based on three chloroplast markers. Australian Systematic Botany 23: 38-46. Abstract