| Nyíregyháza | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| City center | |||
|
|||
|
Nyíregyháza
|
|||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Hungary | ||
| County | Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 274.46 km2 (106 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2011) | |||
| • Total | 117,852 | ||
| • Density | 425.92/km2 (1,103.1/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 4400 | ||
| Area code(s) | 42 | ||
Nyíregyháza (Hungarian pronunciation: [ɲiːrɛɟhaːzɒ] ( listen)) is a city in North-east Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. With a population of 117,000 it is the seventh-largest city in Hungary and is one of the leading cities of Northern Hungary and of the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). Its dynamic and spectacular development has been incessant since the 18th century, being the economical and cultural center of the region. Its zoo exhibiting more than 300 species including real rarities is recognized throughout Europe.
Contents |
Nyíregyháza is located in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county in the northern Plain region (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Hajdú-Bihar county, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county). It is the most important city of North Hungary, in all aspects of the center of the region. It is located in the center of Nyírség, as an agricultural town. The boundaries of the city are often understood as a very broad frame, because generally the near boondocks are listed here. It is located at the intersections of routes 4, 41, 36 and 38, therefore the city is easy to approach. The way to Sub-Carpathia and Transylvania is inevitable without passing the city.
The first written notes of Nyíregyháza date back in 1209, although it was called only Nyír (meaning "birch"). A source from 1326 mentions that by then the city already had a church, hence the second part of the name, "egyház" (meaning "church"). In the middle of the 15th century the town had cc. 400 inhabitants. In the 16th century, during the Turkish occupation of Hungary Nyíregyháza became deserted, and was resettled only in the 1630s – 1640s.
After the War of Independence led by Prince Francis Rákóczi II, the population of the town increased. Most of the new settlers were Slovaks from the area of Békéscsaba. In 1786 Nyíregyháza was granted the right to hold four market days a year, by this time the town was the biggest town of the county with 7,500 inhabitants. In the early 19th century Nyíregyháza was wealthy enough to become free from her feudal lords, the families Dessewffy and Károlyi. During these prosperous years the town got a new town hall, a hospital, several schools and a restaurant by the nearby lake Sóstó ("salty lake").
The inhabitants of the town took an active part in the revolution and war of independence in 1848-49, and after the suppression of the revolution several citizens were imprisoned, among them the mayor, Márton Hatzel.
In the second half of the 19th century Nyíregyháza became more and more urbanized and in 1876 the town became the county seat of Szabolcs county (which is now part of the larger integrated county Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg). In 1858 the railroad line reached Nyíregyháza, several new buildings were built, including a telegraph office, the main post office and the theater. In 1911 the construction of tramways was finished.
After the many trials and tribulations of World War I Nyíregyháza was under Romanian occupation for ten months. Between the two world wars the city celebrated the 100th anniversary of becoming free from her feudal landowners.
During World War II more than 6,000 of the city's Jewish inhabitants were deported, and another 2,000 citizens were sent to Russian labor camps (colloquially called malenky robot). Several buildings were destroyed, too, including the Status Quo Synagogue, whose front wall has been preserved and it is in Nyíregyháza's Jewish Cemetery now.[1]
From the 1960s the city grew and developed quickly. Today, Nyíregyháza is one of the most prosperous cities of Hungary, being both an educational center and a popular tourist destination.
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1870 | 13,015 | — |
| 1890 | 18,996 | +46.0% |
| 1900 | 28,073 | +47.8% |
| 1910 | 33,444 | +19.1% |
| 1920 | 38,751 | +15.9% |
| 1930 | 46,522 | +20.1% |
| 1941 | 53,917 | +15.9% |
| 1949 | 48,382 | −10.3% |
| 1960 | 56,834 | +17.5% |
| 1970 | 75,245 | +32.4% |
| 1980 | 108,235 | +43.8% |
| 1990 | 114,152 | +5.5% |
| 2000 | 112,419 | −1.5% |
| 2010 | 117,832 | +4.8% |
| 2011 | 117,852 | +0.0% |
Nyíregyháza also has several museums and exhibitions, showing the city's rich cultural heritage.
Nyíregyháza is twinned with :
Near Nyíregyháza, at, there is the oldest radio mast in Hungary built in 1925. It is a 115 metres tall guyed mast radiator used for broadcasting on 1251 kHz, which was built in 1925.
|
||||||||||