Visilizumab
Visilizumab (tentative trade name Nuvion, PDL BioPharma Inc.) is a humanized monoclonal antibody. It is being investigated for use as an immunosuppressive drug in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Visilizumab binds to the CD3 receptor on certain activated T cells without affecting resting T cells. It is currently under clinical studies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.[1]
PDL BioPharma, Inc. canceled production of visilizumab following its Phase II/III clinical trials, citing its inefficacy and poor safety profile compared to other drugs on the market as the major reasons.[2] Nevertheless, clinical trials continue for various diseases like multiple myeloma[3] and diabetes mellitus type 1[4][5] as of July 2009[update].
Visilizumab has also been radiolabelled with technetium-99m for imaging T cells.[6]
References
- ^ "PDL BioPharma, Development Pipeline - Nuvion (visilizumab)". Archived from the original on 2007-09-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20070915083341/http://www.pdl.com/index.cfm?navId=43. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
- ^ "PDL Lands in a Hazard". http://www.fool.com/investing/high-growth/2007/08/29/pdl-lands-in-the-hazard.aspx. Retrieved 2009-05-27.
- ^ "Treated T Cells Followed by a Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Multiple Myeloma". ClinicalTrials.gov. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00938626. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
- ^ Kaufman, A; Herold, KC (2009). "Anti-CD3 mAbs for treatment of type 1 diabetes". Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 25 (4): 302–6. doi:10.1002/dmrr.933. PMID 19319985.
- ^ "Anti-CD3 mAb Treatment of Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes". ClinicalTrials.gov. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00378508.
- ^ Malviya, G; D'alessandria, C; Bonanno, E; Vexler, V; Massari, R; Trotta, C; Scopinaro, F; Dierckx, R et al. (2009). "Radiolabeled Humanized Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody Visilizumab for Imaging Human T-Lymphocytes". Journal of Nuclear Medicine 50 (10): 1683–91. doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.059485. PMID 19759100.
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Intracellular
(initiation) |
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Intracellular
(reception) |
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| Extracellular |
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Serum target
(noncellular)
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Cellular target
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CD3 (Muromonab-CD3, Otelixizumab, Teplizumab, Visilizumab) • CD4 (Clenoliximab, Keliximab, Zanolimumab) • CD11a (Efalizumab) • CD18 (Erlizumab) • CD20 (Afutuzumab, Rituximab, Ocrelizumab, Pascolizumab) • CD23 (Gomiliximab, Lumiliximab) • CD40 (Teneliximab, Toralizumab) • CD62L/L-selectin (Aselizumab) • CD80 (Galiximab) • CD147/Basigin (Gavilimomab) • CD154 (Ruplizumab)
BLyS (Belimumab) • CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab) • CAT (Bertilimumab, Lerdelimumab, Metelimumab) • Integrin (Natalizumab) • Interleukin-6 receptor (Tocilizumab) • LFA-1 (Odulimomab)
IL-2 receptor/CD25 (Basiliximab, Daclizumab, Inolimomab)
T-lymphocyte ( Zolimomab aritox)
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Unsorted
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Atorolimumab, Cedelizumab, Fontolizumab, Maslimomab, Morolimumab, Pexelizumab, Reslizumab, Rovelizumab, Siplizumab, Talizumab, Telimomab aritox, Vapaliximab, Vepalimomab
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cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc
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| Immune system ("-l(i[m])-") |
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Human ("-limu-")
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Mouse ("-limo-")
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Chimeric + humanized
("-lixizu-")
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| Interleukin ("-k(i[n])-") |
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Human ("-kinu-")
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Humanized ("-kizu-", "-kinzu-")
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| Inflammatory lesions ("-les-") |
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cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc
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