| 30 commando Assault Unit | |
|---|---|
unit badge |
|
| Active | 1941–1946 |
| Country | |
| Branch | Joint Service |
| Type | British Commandos |
| Role | Intelligence gathering |
| Size | 120 all ranks[1] |
| Part of | Combined Operations |
| Nickname | Red Indians |
| Engagements | Second World War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Lieutenant Commander Quintin Theodore Petroe Molesworth Riley[2] |
| Insignia | |
| Combined Operations Shoulder Patch | |
No. 30 Commando was a British Commando unit of the Second World War. It was formed in 1941 to gather intelligence. To this end personnel from the sections operated with forward troops to seize documents and materials and carry out interrogations. The unit would later be called 30 Assault Unit.[3]
Contents |
In September 1942, the Director of Naval Intelligence authorised the formation of the Special Intelligence Unit, composed of 33 (Royal Marines) Troop, 34 (Army) Troop, 35 (Royal Air Force) Troop and 36 (Royal Navy) Troop. The Special Intelligence Unit was later renamed 30 RN Commando (Special Engineering Unit), and was re-designated 30 Assault Unit in December 1943.[2] They were tasked to move ahead of advancing Allied forces, or to undertake covert infiltrations into enemy territory by land, sea or air, to capture much needed intelligence, in the form of codes, documents, equipment or enemy personnel.[2] They often worked closely with the Intelligence Corps' Field Security sections. Individual troops were present in all operational theatres and usually operated independently, gathering information from captured facilities.[2]
The unit was initially deployed for the first time during the Dieppe Raid in August 1942, and then took part in the Operation Torch landings in November 1942. They landed to the west of Algiers at Sidi Ferruch on 8 November.[4] They had been provided with detailed maps and photographs of the area and on the outskirts of the city located the Italian naval headquarters. By the following day all the battle orders for the German and Italian fleets, current code books and other documents had been sent back to London.[4] The unit went on to serve in the Greek Islands, Norway, Pantelleria, Sicily, Italy, and Corsica between 1942–1943.[2] In November 1943, they returned to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Allied invasion of German occupied Europe. Now called 30 Assault Unit, in June 1944 they took part in the Normandy landings, using the code names Woolforce and Pikeforce, troops landed on Juno beach and Utah beach, tasked to capture a German radar station at Douvres-la-Delivrande which held out until 17 June.[2] They later fought their way into Cherbourg. In July 1944 they were stationed at Rennes and Brest, and followed the Free French forces during the Liberation of Paris.[2] In September 1944, 30 Assault Unit began a series of operations in the Channel coast ports as they were captured by the Allies. By May 1945, Royal Marines from 30 Assault Unit had captured the German Naval Base at Bremen, Germany.[2]
What they did in Germany as the Allies advanced remains a fairly well kept secret. Some of the few documents that are open to the public do reveal that they targeted Nazi scientists.[5][6] At least one such scientist was captured by a "Field Team" of 30 Assault Unit and then reported as "surrendering" with Wernher von Braun and Walter Dornberger in Bavaria.[7]
A 30 Assault Unit Royal Marines detachment was sent to the Far East in 1945, but the Japanese surrender precluded operations. Subsequent activities in Singapore, Indo-China and Hong Kong eventually provided much useful intelligence. 30 Assault Unit was finally disbanded in 1946.[2]
30 Assault Unit was disbanded in 1946, however in 2010 the Royal Marines formed 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group (30 Cdo IXG RM) which carries on the history of 30 Assault Unit.[8]
By 1945 30 Assault Unit consisted of HQ Troop; A, B and X Troops; a mobile RN Signals unit, and a RN Medical Unit.
The following battle honours were awarded to the British Commandos during the Second World War.[9]
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||