Nisporeni District

Nisporeni is a district (Moldovan: raion) in the west-central part of Moldova, with the administrative center at Nisporeni.

As of 1 January 2011 (2011 -01-01)^[update], its population was 66,800. Most of the people (97.2%) are Moldovans (Romanians).^[1]

History

On 25 April, 1420 is first attested Vărzărești monastery. Localities with the oldest historical attestation of the district are: Bălăurești, Ciutești, Seliște, Nisporeni and Vărzărești they are approved for the first time in 1420-1425. 15th-18th centuries, continued economic development (trade and agriculture), cultural (monasteries and churches are built), just showed an important increase in population. Nisporeni city was first documented by Gaspar Graziani in his book, at 4 January, 1618. According to him, the city was at that time ruled by Farima Nicolae II, descendant of the great Farima dynasty and cousin to Michael the Brave. He is regarded as one of Moldova's greatest national heroes. Locals where mainly involved in farming, hunting and cultivation of wines and fruit. In 1812, after the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812), is the occupation of Basarabia, Russian Empire during this period (1812-1917), there is an intense russification of the native population. In 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia united with Romania in this period (1918-1940, 1941-1944), the district is part of the Chisinau County. In 1940 after Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty, Basarabia is occupied by the USSR. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of Independence of Moldova, part and residence of the Ungheni County (1991-2003), and in 2003 became administrative unit of Moldova.

Geography

Nisporeni district is located in the central part of the Republic of Moldova. Neighborhood has the following districts: Ungheni in north-west, north-east district of Calarasi, Straseni District in east, Hincesti District in the south, and border state with Romania on the river Prut. General characterization of the district Nisporeni is a central part of the Moldavian Plateau. Varied hilly landscape is complicated, fragmented by deep valleys 150-250 m, with steep slopes and steep that develops, numerous landslides and ravines. Strings cut hills. Nisporeni district is situated on the highest part of the plateau, namely the plateau Codri. Plateau recalls a premountain relief, which prompted his call Docuceaev V. "Basarabian Switzerland." In forests, unlike the rest of the country, are most active are the processes of erosion and landslides. In the western part of Codri is located at the highest hill in Moldova, Balanesti Hill. The height of this hill is 430 m and is the maximum altitude of Moldova.

Climate

Climate of Nisporeni district, and across the republic is temperate-continental. Winter is mild and short, summer is warm and long. On average a year there were 2195 hours of sun in the central part of Moldova. Duration of sunny days ranges from 43-65 hours in December, up to 300-340 hours in July. Average annual air temperature throughout is +10 C. Average monthly temperatures recorded positive from March-November, negative temperatures from December-February. The average annual precipitation ranges between 500-650mm. Fall rainfall is characterized by great instability over time.

Fauna

Fauna district is typical of European forests, represented by this: fox, deer, red deer, spotted deer, badger, wild boar, raccoon dog, wolf, wild cat and others. Of birds: hawk, owl, cuckoo, eagle, stork and others.

Flora

Forests occupy 34.0% of the district, are characterized by the presence of: oak, beech, hornbeam, english oak, linden, maple, locust and others. From plants: clover, knotweed, nettle, bell, fescue and other.

Rivers

The main river is the Prut River, which crosses the district in the west, the border with Romania. Main tributaries are: Nîrnova and Lăpușna. Cogalnic River flows and water which, in the Black Sea, springs in the district. There are also 45 ponds occupying an area of 1580 hectares.

Administrative subdivisions

• Localities: 39
  • Administrative center: Nisporeni
    • Cities: Nisporeni
      • Villages: 16
        • Communes: 22

Demographics

1 January 2011 the district population was 66,800 of which 21.8% urban and 78.2% rural population

• Births (2010): 744 (11.1 per 1000)
• Deaths (2010): 884 (13.2 per 1000)
• Growth Rate (2010): -140 (-2.1 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

Religion

• Christians - 99.4%
  • Orthodox Christians - 98.8%
  • Protestant - 0.6%
    • Baptists - 0.2%
    • Pentecostals - 0.2%
    • Seventh-day Adventists - 0.1%
    • Evangelicals - 0.1%
• Other - 0.5%
• No Religion 0.1%

Economy

The district is in total 21,956 registered businesses. The share of agricultural land is 38,779 ha (61.5%) of total land area. The arable land occupies 21 736 ha (34.5%) of total land area: 3943 ha plantation of orchards (6.3%), vineyards occupy 6118 ha (9.7%), 6838 ha pastures (10.8%), some 161 ha (0.3%). The main crops: grapes, cereals (wheat, oats), orchards (peach, apple, plum), sunflower, rapeseed and others.

Education

In Nisporeni district, 36 educational institutions operate. Total students: 9,300 students in schools and 350 students in professional schools versatile. Total number of teachers is 731, and the number of teachers is 144.

Politics

Nisporeni district, placed a high priority right parties, particularly the AEI. PCRM in Nisporeni district, has the lowest popularity of Moldova's regions.

During the last three elections AEI had an increase of 74.5%

Elections

Culture

In Nisporeni district works: two museums, 112 art collective, 13 bands, holding the title of the band model, 34 public libraries, 30 cultural centers.

Health

In Nisporeni district works: a hospital with 200 beds general fund, a center of family doctor's in the composition of which there are 13 family physician offices, nine health centers, 8 health points. In health care population of Nisporeni district operates: 73 doctors, 240 environmental staff, nurses, 267 auxiliary health staff.

References

1. ^ http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=ro&idc=263&id=2208

• Nisporeni district on Romanian language
• District site
• General description of Nisporeni district
• Population of district per year
• Talk: Nisporeni district/
• Results of 2010 Parliamentary election