| Yingkou 营口 |
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| 营口市 | |
| Location of Yingkou in Liaoning | |
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Yingkou
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| Coordinates (city(2220000)): | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Liaoning |
| Districts and Counties |
List
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| Government | |
| • CPC Yingkou | Committee Secretary |
| • Mayor | Gao Jun |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 4,970 km2 (1,918.9 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 664 km2 (256.4 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,775 km2 (685.3 sq mi) |
| Population (census 2010)[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 2,428,534 |
| • Urban | 897,515 |
| • Urban density | 1,351.7/km2 (3,500.8/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,340,993 |
| • Metro density | 755.5/km2 (1,956.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Area code(s) | 410 |
| Website | http://www.yingkou.gov.cn/ |
Yingkou (simplified Chinese: 营口; traditional Chinese: 營口; pinyin: Yíngkǒu) is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, in northeastern China. It is a port city of the Bohai Sea. The Liao river (Liao He) goes to the sea at Yingkou.
The city has a total area of 4,970 square kilometers, and a population of 2,428,534 at the 2010 census whom 1,340,993 in the built up area made of 3 urban districts (Zhanqian, Xishi and Laobian) and Dashiqiao city now linked to the urban core.
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Yingkou was formerly known as Newchwang (Chinese: 牛庄; pinyin: Niúzhuāng; Manchu: Ishangga gašan hoton) - one of the Treaty Ports opened under the Treaties of Tianjin of 1858. In fact the town of Newchwang was about thirty miles upstream of Liao He. After the treaty had been signed, the British found that the river near Newchwang was too shallow for their ships. Instead, the treaty port was moved to the area nearer to the river mouth where today's Yingkou is located.
Yingkou prefecture is subdivided into 4 districts and 2 cities:
| Map | ||||||
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| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Zhanqian District | 站前区 | Zhànqián Qū | 260,000 | 70 | 3,714 |
| 2 | Xishi District | 西市区 | Xīshì Qū | 160,000 | 20 | 8,000 |
| 3 | Bayuquan District | 鲅鱼圈区 | Bàyúquān Qū | 300,000 | 268 | 1,119 |
| 4 | Laobian District | 老边区 | Lǎobiān Qū | 130,000 | 306 | 426 |
| 5 | Dashiqiao City | 大石桥市 | Dàshíqiáo Shì | 720,000 | 1,379 | 522 |
| 6 | Gaizhou City | 盖州市 | Gàizhōu Shì | 730,000 | 2,928 | 249 |
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Yingkou is located in the northwestern portion of the Liaodong Peninsula, and on the left bank of the Daliao River, which enters the sea in the city. To the west is the Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Gulf, and the city thus looks across to Jinzhou and Huludao. Bordering prefecture cities are:
The city's metro area is located 166 kilometres (103 mi) from the provincial capital of Shenyang, 204 kilometres (127 mi) from Dalian, 84 kilometres (52 mi) from Anshan, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Panjin. The city is located at latitude 39° 55′—40° 56′ N and longitude 121° 56′—123° 02′ E. At its greatest width, the city spans 111.8 kilometres (69.5 mi) from north to south and 50.7 kilometres (31.5 mi) from east to west. The total area of the city is 5,365 square kilometres (2,071 sq mi), occupying a mere 4.9% of the provincial area. The city has a total coastline of 96 kilometres (60 mi).
Yingkou has a four-season humid continental climate (Koppen Dwa) with strong monsoonal influences. Though the climate is somewhat tempered by the city's location on the Bohai Gulf, winters are long, windy, cold but dry, and summers are hot and humid. Monthly mean temperatures range from −8.5 °C (16.7 °F) in January to 25.0 °C (77.0 °F) in July. Precipitation is somewhat enhanced by the coastal location, with just more than half of annual rainfall occurring in July and August.
| Climate data for Yingkou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.1 (82.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
6.8 (44.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
14.08 (57.35) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −13.1 (8.4) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
5.19 (41.35) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 6.8 (0.268) |
6.3 (0.248) |
12.1 (0.476) |
31.5 (1.24) |
53.9 (2.122) |
69.0 (2.717) |
175.3 (6.902) |
149.4 (5.882) |
67.9 (2.673) |
41.1 (1.618) |
21.5 (0.846) |
8.5 (0.335) |
643.3 (25.327) |
| % humidity | 62 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 61 | 70 | 79 | 79 | 72 | 67 | 66 | 64 | 66.3 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.1 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 9.6 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 75.6 |
| Sunshine hours | 199.8 | 204.1 | 243.1 | 257.3 | 279.9 | 262.1 | 233.7 | 239.1 | 254.0 | 232.2 | 185.5 | 183.5 | 2,774.3 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | |||||||||||||
Yingkou Development Zone is in the middle of Liaodong Peninsular and at the beach of Bohai Sea. It is located at 52 km south of Yingkou City. Shenyang is 190 km to its north and Dalian 170 km to its south. So far, five key industries have been formed, which are steel, chemical industry, mineral processing, logistics, textile and garment industry.[2]
In late 2005, the Party Secretary of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Li Keqiang, initiated the "Five Points, One Line" strategy to develop the entire Liaoning coastline, and in particular focusing on the "five points" of the Changxing Island Harbor Industrial Zone in Dalian; Yingkou Coastal Industrial Base; Liaoxi Jinzhou Bay Coastal Economic Zone; Dandong, and the Zhuanghe Huayuankou Industrial Zone.
As a result, Yingkou city is currently undergoing substantial expansion. From its current urban area of 54 square kilometres, Phase One of the Coastal Base project is under way and is adding a further 44 square kilometers of industrial and urban areas to Yingkou. Phase Two (planned to start in 2010) will add a further massive 157 square kilometres.
The land being used is largely marshland and reclaimed from the sea: in particular, it is largely unoccupied. As a result, the social and fiscal costs of development are less than are usual for Chinese urban and industrial development.
The Yingkou port area is also being very substantially increased in size, in the Bayuquan and Xianren harbours.
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