| Navrongo | |
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Navrongo
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Ghana |
| Region | Upper East Region |
| District | Kassena-Nankana District |
Navrongo is in Ghana, near its northern (Burkina Faso) border. It is the capital of Kassena-Nankana District – which is within the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Navrongo is an important market town, known for its cathedral and its grotto.
Navrongo is located at . Its population in 2005 was estimated to be 25,470.[1] The terrain is flat and the ecology is typical of the Sahel – arid grassland with occasional shrubbery.
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The people of Navrongo are a mixture of Nankani speakers from Zecco in what is now Burkina Faso, and Kassena Kasem speakers from Tielebe (also in Bukina Faso). The Kassena arrived first in the area, whilst the Nankani arrived later after experiencing pressure from Mossi expansion. The two groups, though they differ linguistically, share many cultural traits.
The town was founded around 1740.[2] During the 19th century, the town became an important staging post on the Sahel caravan route. The wealth associated with this route encouraged fighting for control between the different ethnic groups of the area. At the beginning of the 20th century the British established a base at Navrongo. The town was "civilised by force of arms",[3] and inter-ethnic conflict declined.
Chiefs loyal to the British were installed and "free labour" was used to build roads and government buildings. Locals were also sent to the south of Ghana to mine and build railways.
A Catholic mission was established in 1906 - the White Fathers ("Pères Blancs"), a French group made up of French Canadians. They came to Ghana from Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) due to French anti-clerical laws (the Fathers believed they would be expelled from Upper Volta). The British allowed them to set up in Navrongo on condition that the school that they were to establish used English only. Despite a rocky beginning (the Fathers had learnt the wrong local language and only attracted 5 students in the first 18 months), the school eventually became a success – a British official in 1927 said that is was the best school (of only 5) in the north of Ghana.[4]
The population is now split fairly evenly between the Kassena and the Nankani speakers. Indigenous African beliefs are followed by the majority. Around a third are Christians, while 5% follow Islam. Like other people in the Sahel region, levels of both fertility and mortality are high. Partly because of this, a health research centre has been established in the area, with some success.
Subsistence level agriculture is the usual occupation of the area, as well as the rearing of goats and cattle.
The Nakana people are part of the Mole-Dagbani language group and in the great time of the Mossi-Dagomba states formed part of the chiefship of Tongo and adjacent Nangodi.
Navrongo Cathedral, as it is now known, was built in 1906 and expanded in 1920. Originally called "Our Lady of Seven Sorrows," the construction was overseen by the White Fathers. The walls are of mud, and wooden beams form the roof. On the inside, the walls are decorated with animal forms, scenes of everyday life, and Christian themes. The site also contains a grotto and accommodation facilities. For copious images and content, see Navrongo Cathedral.
The word "Navrongo" is an Anglicization of the town's Nankani (a dialect of Frafra) name navorlngo. This in turn comes from its Kasem [1] name navoro, which combines the word naga (meaning foot or leg) with voro (meaning the sound of stepping onto crunchy, dry soil).[5]