Nadaco

The Nadaco, also commonly known as the Anadarko, are a Native American tribe from eastern Texas.[1] Their name, Nadá-kuh, means "bumblebee place."[2]

Contents

History

The Nadaco were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy.[3]

Spanish explorers encountered the tribe in 1542 in east Texas. Around 1700, the tribe joined the Hasinai in the late 17th century but kept their distinct identity and culture.[2][4] In 1716, Spanish monks founded the San Jose Mission to serve the Nadaco and the Nasoni tribes.[5] By 1787, they lived in villages along the Sabine River in the northern part of Panola County, Texas.[6]

By Texas Independence in 1836, the tribe had moved to the forks of the Trinity River. During the winter of 1838-39 the Texans forced the Nadaco from their ancestral homelands into Indian Territory. Disliking the harsh conditions in Indian Territory, the tribe returned to Texas in 1843, settling along the Brazos River. After Texas became a state, the United States federal government signed a treaty with the Nadaco and neighboring tribes; however, their lands were soon overrun by European-American settlers.[4]

In 1859, the Nadaco were once again removed to Indian Territory to lands near the Wichita Agency. Their principal leader Iesh was killed in 1862, and many of the tribe fled to Kansas to avoid Civil War hostilities. They returned in 1867. In 1862 the Wichita-Caddo Reservation was established, and the Nadaco joined the greater Caddo Nation.[4]

In 1950, an estimated 449 Nadacos lived in Caddo County, Oklahoma.[4]

Today, Nadaco people are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.

Synonymy

Beside Nadaco and Anadarko, the tribe is also known as the Nadacoco, Nadan, Nadargoe, Nondacao, Nondaco,[2] and Nadarko.[7]

Namesakes

Anadarko, Oklahoma is named for the tribe.[7] A joke that might have some historical veracity is when the town was founded, residents suggested that it would be appropriate to name the town after "a Nadarko." Another possibly is that the additional "A" was simply a clerical error.[7]

Anadarko Creek, an upper branch of the Angelina River in Texas is also named for the tribe.[8]

Notes

  1. ^ Sturtevant, 617
  2. ^ a b c Sturtevant, 630
  3. ^ Sturtevant, 616
  4. ^ a b c d May, Jon D. Anadarko. Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. (retrieved 6 Sept 2009)
  5. ^ Bolton, 48 and 50
  6. ^ The Nadaco. Access Genealogy. (retrieved 6 Sept 2009)
  7. ^ a b c Riffel, Carolyn and Betty Bell. Anadarko. Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. (retrieved 6 Sept 2009)
  8. ^ Bolton, 51

References

External links

Hasinai
Hainai  · Nabedache  · Nabiti  · Nacogdoche  · Nacono  · Nadaco  · Nasoni (Lower)  · Nechaui  · Neche
Kadohadacho
Natchitoches
Other groups
Adai  · Cahinnio  · Eyeish  · Ouachita  · Tula  · Yatasi