NRG4
Neuregulin 4 also known as NRG4 is a member of the neuregulin protein family which in humans is encoded by the NRG4 gene.[1][2][3]
Function
The neuregulins, including NRG4, activate type-1 growth factor receptors (EGFR) to initiating cell-to-cell signaling through tyrosine phosphorylation.[3]
Clinical significance
Loss of expression of NRG4 is frequently seen in advanced bladder cancer while increased NRG4 expression correlates to better survival.[4]
References
- ^ "Entrez Gene: NRG4 neuregulin 4". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=145957.
- ^ Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (December 2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
- ^ a b Harari D, Tzahar E, Romano J, Shelly M, Pierce JH, Andrews GC, Yarden Y (April 1999). "Neuregulin-4: a novel growth factor that acts through the ErbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinase". Oncogene 18 (17): 2681–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202631. PMID 10348342.
- ^ Memon AA, Sorensen BS, Melgard P, Fokdal L, Thykjaer T, Nexo E (December 2004). "Expression of HER3, HER4 and their ligand heregulin-4 is associated with better survival in bladder cancer patients". Br. J. Cancer 91 (12): 2034–41. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602251. PMC 2409781. PMID 15583696. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2409781.
Further reading
- Révillion F, Lhotellier V, Hornez L, Bonneterre J, Peyrat JP (January 2008). "ErbB/HER ligands in human breast cancer, and relationships with their receptors, the bio-pathological features and prognosis". Ann. Oncol. 19 (1): 73–80. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm431. PMID 17962208.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
- Hayes NV, Newsam RJ, Baines AJ, Gullick WJ (2008). "Characterization of the cell membrane-associated products of the Neuregulin 4 gene.". Oncogene 27 (5): 715–20. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210689. PMID 17684490.
- Hayes NV, Blackburn E, Smart LV, et al. (2007). "Identification and characterization of novel spliced variants of neuregulin 4 in prostate cancer.". Clin. Cancer Res. 13 (11): 3147–55. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2237. PMID 17545517.
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| Trk binding |
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| GFL |
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| Other |
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anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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