Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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butane-1,4-diyl dimethanesulfonate | |
Clinical data | |
Trade names | Myleran |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682248 |
Licence data | EMA:Link, US FDA:link |
Pregnancy cat. | D(US) |
Legal status | ℞ Prescription only |
Routes | Oral, parenteral |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 80% (oral) |
Protein binding | 32.4% |
Metabolism | Hepatic |
Half-life | 2.5 hours |
Excretion | ? |
Identifiers | |
CAS number | 55-98-1 |
ATC code | L01AB01 |
PubChem | CID 2478 |
DrugBank | APRD00664 |
ChemSpider | 2384 |
UNII | G1LN9045DK |
KEGG | D00248 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:28901 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL820 |
Synonyms | 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C6H14O6S2 |
Mol. mass | 246.304 g/mol |
SMILES | eMolecules & PubChem |
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Busulfan (Myleran, GlaxoSmithKline, Busulfex IV, PDL BioPharma, Inc.) is a cancer drug, in use since 1959.
Busulfan is a cell cycle non-specific alkylating antineoplastic agent, in the class of alkyl sulfonates. Its chemical designation is 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate.
Contents |
Busulfan was the mainstay of the chemotherapeutic treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) until it was displaced by the new gold standard, imatinib, though it is still in use to a degree as a result of the drug's relative low cost.
Currently, its main uses are in bone marrow transplantation, especially in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), where it is used as a conditioning drug. Busulfan can control tumor burden but cannot prevent transformation or correct cytogenic abnormalities. The drug was recently used in a study to examine the role of platelet-transported serotonin in liver regeneration.[1]
Myleran is supplied in white film coated tablets with 2 mg of busulfan per tablet.
Toxicity may include interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation, seizures, hepatic (veno-occlusive disease) and wasting syndrome. Busulfan also induces thrombocytopenia, a condition of lowered blood platelet count and activity.
Phenytoin may be used concurrently to prevent the seizures. Levetiracetam, has shown efficacy for the prophylaxis against busulfan-induced seizures. Benzodiazepines can also be used for busulfan-induced seizures.[2]
Busulfan is listed by the IARC as a Group 1 carcinogen.
Its mechanism of action through alkylation produces guanine-adenine intrastrand crosslinks.[3] This occurs through an SN2 reaction in which the relatively nucleophilic guanine N7 attacks the carbon adjacent to the mesylate leaving group. This kind of damage cannot be repaired by cellular machinery and thus the cell undergoes apoptosis.[4]
The molecular recognition of ureido-cyclodextrin with busulfan was investigated.[5] The formation of complexes was observed with electrostatic interactions between urea and the sulfonate part of busulfan.
Another structure was used for this complextation type, two disaccharidyl units connected by urea linkers to a diazacrown ether organizing platform.[6]