Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi

Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi (died 1266) was an Kurdish Muslim astronomer, mathematician, architect and engineer working at the Maragheh observatory. He was born in Aleppo,todays Syria, and later moved to Maragheh, Azarbaijan, Kurdistan, to work at the Maragha observatory under the guidance of Nasir al-Din Tusi.^[1]

He is known for being the first of the Maragha astronomers to develop a non-Ptolemaic model of planetary motion.^[2] In particular, the Urdi lemma he developed was later used in the geocentric model of Ibn al-Shatir in the 14th century and in the heliocentric Copernican model of Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.

As an architect and engineer, he was responsible for constructing the water supply installations of Damascus, Syria, in his time.^[3]

Notes

George Saliba (1979). "The First Non-Ptolemaic Astronomy at the Maraghah School", Isis 70 (4), p. 571-576.
George Saliba (1990). The Astronomical Work of Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi (d. 1266): A Thirteenth Century Reform of Ptolemaic Astronomy, Markaz dirasat al-Wahda al-'Arabiya, Beirut.

8th century	Ahmad Nahavandi Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī and his son Mashallah ibn Athari

9th century	Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi Abu Said Gorgani Al-Farghānī Al-Kindi Al-Mahani Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar Al-Marwazi 'Ali ibn 'Isa al-Asturlabi Banu Musa Brothers Iranshahri Khālid ibn ʿAbd al‐Malik Al-Khwārizmī Sahl ibn Bishr Thābit ibn Qurra Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq

10th century	Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Abu-Mahmud Khojandi Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin Abū Sahl al-Qūhī Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī Ahmad ibn Yusuf Al-Battani Alchabitius Al-Nayrizi Al-Saghani Ibn Yunus Ibrahim ibn Sinan

11th century	Abu Nasr Mansur Al-Bīrūnī Al-Zarqālī Alhazen Avicenna Ibn al-Saffar Kushyar ibn Labban Said Al-Andalusi Sijzi

12th century	Al-Bitruji Al-Kharaqī Al-Khazini Al-Samaw'al Anvari Ibn al-Kammad Jabir ibn Aflah Omar Khayyám Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī

13th century	Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili Jamal ad-Din Muhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Qotb al-Din Shirazi Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī Zakariya al-Qazwini Ibn Abi al-Shukr Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi

14th century	Ibn al-Shatir Kamāl al-Dīn Fārisī Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī

15th century	Ali Qushji Jamshīd al-Kāshī Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī Ulugh Beg Sibt al-Mardini

16th century	Al-Birjandi Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī Piri Reis Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

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Influenced