| Mit’hat Frashëri | |
|---|---|
| Mit'hat Frashëri | |
| Founder of Balli Kombëtar | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 25, 1880 Ioannina, Greece, then Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 3 October 1949 (aged 69) Long Island, New York, USA |
| Nationality | Albanian |
| Relations | Abdyl Frashëri(Father) Naim Frashëri(Uncle) Sami Frashëri(Uncle) Mehdi Frashëri(Cousin) Ali Sami Yen(Cousin) |
| Occupation | Poet, Politician |
| Religion | Islam (Bektashi Order) |
Mit’hat Frashëri (also known by his nom de plume as Lumo Skëndo; March 25, 1880, Ioannina, Ottoman Empire – October 3, 1949, New York, Long Island) was an Albanian diplomat, writer and politician. The son of Abdyl Frashëri, one of the most important activists of the Albanian National Awakening in 1908 he participated in the Congress of Monastir[1] and in 1942 became the president of Balli Kombëtar (National Front). He is considered as one of the fathers of Albanian Nationalism.[2]
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Mid’hat bey Frashëri was the son of Albanian politician and nationalist Abdyl Frashëri and nephew of the poets and nationalists Naim Frashëri and Sami Frashëri. Born in Janina (present day Ioannina) in 1883 and was raised in Istanbul.[3] In Istanbul, his family organised the Albanian nationalist movement. Giving up his studies of pharmacology, he worked for the Ottoman administration in the vilayet of Salonika from a period from 1905 to 1910.[3] Using the pen name Lumo Skendo, he began publishing the weekly newspaper “Lirija” in Salonika, which lasted until 1910.[3] He participated in the Congress of Monastir in 1908, and in January of the next year, he began editing a monthly magazine entitled “Diturija”, a magazine based on the cultural, literary and scholarly interest of Albania.[3]
Mit’hat Frashëri was one of the fifty delegates that who helped form the modern Albanian alphabet. Mit'hat Frashëri became vice-chairman of the commission. Mit'hat Frashëri was also elected chairman of the congress and Parashqevi Qiriazi chairwoman of the commission of the alphabet, which was responsible for the organization of the various alphabet proposals.
Mid’hat bey’s political views took on a more extreme nationalist character during the Balkan Wars and in the final collapse of the Ottoman Empire when Albania was on the verge of being carved up by its Balkan neighbours. Mit’hat Frashëri was one of the eighty-three leaders meeting in Vlorë in November 1912. He was one of the signers of the declaration of independence and became the Minister of Public Services in the Provisional Government of Albania. He later became the Albanian consul general in Belgrade and postmaster general.[3] At the beginning of World War I, Met'hat was interned in Romania for a time, but after he was release, he returned to publishing. Mid’hat resided in Lausanne for a time with his cousin Mehdi Frashëri, where he was author of a number of newspaper articles and essays.[3] On 25 November 1920, he was appointed chairman of the Albanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, where he remained until 1922.[3] In Paris, he continued his journalistic activities in the French press to publicize Albania’s position in the postwar restructuring of Europe. He subsequently held other ministerial posts and was Albanian ambassador to Greece and to the United States from 1922 to 1926.[3]
Under the Zog regime in 1925, Mid’hat left public life and opened a bookstore in Tirana. He himself possessed an exceptionally large private library of some 20,000 volumes, the largest collection in the country at the time. With the rise of Germany and World War II looking inevitable, Mit'hat began forming the National Front (Balli Kombëtar) to use in the war to create Greater Albania.
He was the leader of the Balli Kombëtar nationalist movement during the Second World War. Balli Kombëtar was a political organization that mainly fought for Greater Albania.
In 1945, the communists won the war in Albania. Mit'hat escaped the communists by fleeing to southern Italy. The early years of the cold war found Mid’hat Frashëri in the West trying to patch together a coalition of anti-communist opposition forces in Britain and the United States.[3] In August 1949, he was elected as head of a Free Albania Committee. He died of a heart attack at the Lexington Hotel on Lexington Avenue in New York.[3]
His cousin, Mehdi Frashëri, served as Albanian Prime Minister under a German-backed Albanian Government.
Frashëri's entire library of some 20,000 volumes, the largest in Albania at that time, was confiscated by the new regime. The library included significant albanological works inherited from Franz Nopcsa von Felsö-Szilvás.[4]
When Albania declared independence from the Ottoman Empire:
In regards to Enver Hoxha's Albanian Communists: