Anatoly Ivanovich Maltsev (Malcev) (Russian: Анато́лий Ива́нович Ма́льцев 27 November N.S./14 November O.S. 1909 - 7 June 1967) was born in Misheronsky, near Moscow, and died in Novosibirsk, USSR. He was a mathematician noted for his work on the decidability of various algebraic groups. Malcev algebras (generalisations of Lie algebras) are named after him.
At school, Maltsev demonstrated an aptitude for mathematics, and when he left school in 1927, he went to Moscow State University to study Mathematics. While he was there, he started teaching in a secondary school in Moscow. After graduating in 1931, he continued his teaching career and in 1932 was appointed as an assistant at the Ivanovo Pedagogical Institute located in Ivanovo, near Moscow.
Whilst teaching at Ivanovo, Maltsev made frequent trips to Moscow to discuss his research with Kolmogorov. Maltsev's first publications were on logic and model theory. Kolmogorov soon invited him to join his graduate programme at Moscow University, and, maintaining his post at Ivanovo, Maltsev effectively became Kolmogorov's student.
In 1937, Maltsev published a paper on the embeddability of a ring in a field. Two years later, he published a second paper where he gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a semigroup to be embeddable in a group.
Between 1939 and 1941, he studied for his doctorate at the Steklov Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, with a dissertation on the Structure of isomorphic representable infinite algebras and groups.
In 1944, Maltsev became a professor at the Ivanovo Pedagogical Institute where he continued to work on group theory and linear groups in particular. He also studied Lie groups and topological algebras.
In 1958, Maltsev became an Academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.
In 1960, Maltsev was appointed to a chair in mathematics at the Mathematics Institute at Novosibirsk and chaired the Algebra and Logic Department of Novosibirsk State University. He founded the Siberian section of the Mathematics Institute of the Academy of Sciences, the Siberian Mathematical Society and the journal "Algebra i Logika". Maltsev also founded the "Algebra and Logic Seminar" attended by his students Igor Lavrov, Larisa Maksimova, Dmitry Smirnov, Mikhail Taitslin, and A. Vinogradov, as well as by Yuri Ershov and others. This seminar, in essence, started a new and extremely fruitful school in model theory and decidability of elementary theories.
During the early 1960s, Maltsev worked on problems of decidability of elementary theories of various algebraic structures. He showed the undecidability of the elementary theory of finite groups, of free nilpotent groups, of free soluble groups and many others. He also proved that the class of locally free algebras has a decidable theory.
Maltsev received many honours, including the Stalin Prize in 1946 and Lenin Prize in 1964.
In 1962 he founded the mathematical journal Algebra i Logika.