ISO 639 macrolanguage

ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are defined as macrolanguages covering either borderline cases between strongly divergent dialects and very closely related languages (dialect continuums), or speech varieties that are considered to be either the same or different languages for ethnic or political rather than linguistic reasons. There are fifty-six languages in ISO 639-2 that are considered to be macrolanguages in ISO 639-3.[1] The use of this category of macrolanguage has been applied in the Ethnologue 16th edition.[2]

Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language as defined by 639-3 in ISO 639-2, e.g. 'ara' (Arabic). Others like 'nor' (Norwegian) had their two individual parts (nno Nynorsk, nob Bokmål) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. 'arb' Standard Arabic) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ('ara') are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

Contents

Types of macrolanguages

List of macrolanguages

This list only includes official data from http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

ISO 639-1 ISO 639-2 ISO 639-3 Number of individual languages Name of macrolanguage
ak aka aka 2 Akan language
ar ara ara 30 Arabic language
ay aym aym 2 Aymara language
az aze aze 2 Azerbaijani language
(-) bal bal 3 Baluchi language
(-) bik bik 5 Bikol language
(-) bua bua 3 Buriat language
(-) chm chm 2 Mari language (Russia)
cr cre cre 6 Cree language
(-) del del 2 Delaware language
(-) den den 2 Slave language (Athapascan)
(-) din din 5 Dinka language
(-) doi doi 2 Dogri language
et est est 2 Estonian language
fa fas/per fas 2 Persian language
ff ful ful 9 Fulah language
(-) gba gba 5 Gbaya language (Central African Republic)
(-) gon gon 2 Gondi language
(-) grb grb 5 Grebo language
gn grn grn 5 Guaraní language
(-) hai hai 2 Haida language
(-)[5] (-) hbs 3 Serbo-Croatian language
(-) hmn hmn 21 Hmong language
iu iku iku 2 Inuktitut language
ik ipk ipk 2 Inupiaq language
(-) jrb jrb 5 Judeo-Arabic languages
kr kau kau 3 Kanuri language
(-) kok kok 2 Konkani language
kv kom kom 2 Komi language
kg kon kon 3 Kongo language
(-) kpe kpe 2 Kpelle language
ku kur kur 3 Kurdish language
(-) lah lah 8 Lahnda language
(-) man man 7 Mandingo language
mg mlg mlg 10 Malagasy language
mn mon mon 2 Mongolian language
ms msa/may msa 36 Malay language
(-) mwr mwr 6 Marwari language
no nor nor 2 Norwegian language
oj oji oji 7 Ojibwa language
om orm orm 4 Oromo language
ps pus pus 3 Pashto language
qu que que 44 Quechua language
(-) raj raj 6 Rajasthani language
(-) rom rom 7 Romany language
sq sqi/alb sqi 4 Albanian language
sc srd srd 4 Sardinian language
sw swa swa 2 Swahili language
(-) syr syr 2 Syriac language
(-) tmh tmh 4 Tamashek language
uz uzb uzb 2 Uzbek language
yi yid yid 2 Yiddish language
(-) zap zap 58 Zapotec language
za zha zha 16 Zhuang languages
zh zho/chi zho 13 Chinese language

List of macrolanguages and the individual languages

aaa–ezz

aka

aka is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. fat – Fanti
  2. twi – Twi

ara

ara is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.

  1. aao – Algerian Saharan Arabic
  2. abh – Tajiki Arabic
  3. abv – Baharna Arabic
  4. acm – Mesopotamian Arabic
  5. acq – Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
  6. acw – Hijazi Arabic
  7. acx – Omani Arabic
  8. acy – Cypriot Arabic
  9. adf – Dhofari Arabic
  10. aeb – Tunisian Arabic
  11. aec – Saidi Arabic
  12. afb – Gulf Arabic
  13. ajp – South Levantine Arabic
  14. apc – North Levantine Arabic
  15. apd – Sudanese Arabic
  16. arb – Standard Arabic
  17. arq – Algerian Arabic
  18. ars – Najdi Arabic
  19. ary – Moroccan Arabic
  20. arz – Egyptian Arabic
  21. auz – Uzbeki Arabic
  22. avl – Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
  23. ayh – Hadrami Arabic
  24. ayl – Libyan Arabic
  25. ayn – Sanaani Arabic
  26. ayp – North Mesopotamian Arabic
  27. bbz – Babalia Creole Arabic
  28. pga – Sudanese Creole Arabic
  29. shu – Chadian Arabic
  30. ssh – Shihhi Arabic

aym

aym is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ayr – Central Aymara
  2. ayc – Southern Aymara

aze

aze is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. azj – North Azerbaijani
  2. azb – South Azerbaijani

bal

bal is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bgp – Eastern Balochi
  2. bcc – Southern Balochi
  3. bgn – Western Balochi

bik

bik is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are 8 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bcl – Central Bicolano
  2. bto – Iriga Bicolano
  3. cts – Northern Catanduanes Bicolano
  4. bln – Southern Catanduanes Bicolano
  5. fbl - West Albay Bikol
  6. lbl - Libon Bikol
  7. rbl - Miraya Bikol
  8. ubl - Buhi'non Bikol

bnc

bnc is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bontok. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ebk - Eastern Bontok
  2. lbk - Central Bontok
  3. obk - Southern Bontok
  4. rbk - Northern Bontok
  5. vbk - Southwestern Bontok

bua

bua is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bxu – China Buriat
  2. bxm – Mongolia Buriat
  3. bxr – Russia Buriat

chm

chm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. mhr – Eastern Mari
  2. mrj – Western Mari

cre

cre is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are 6 individual language codes assigned:

  1. crm – Moose Cree
  2. crl – Northern East Cree
  3. crk – Plains Cree
  4. crj – Southern East Cree
  5. csw – Swampy Cree
  6. cwd – Woods Cree

In addition, there are 6 closely associated individual codes.

  1. nsk – Naskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  2. moe – Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  3. atj – Atikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  4. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
  6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

  1. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

del

del is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. umu – Munsee
  2. unm – Unami

den

den is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. scs – North Slavey
  2. xsl – South Slavey

din

din is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. dip - Northeastern Dinka
  2. diw - Northwestern Dinka
  3. dib - South Central Dinka
  4. dks - Southeastern Dinka
  5. dik - Southwestern Dinka

doi

doi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. dgo – Dogri (individual language)
  2. xnr – Kangri

est

est is the ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian. Its ISO 639-1 code is et. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ekk – Estonian (Standard Estonian)
  2. vro – Võro

faa–jzz

fas

fas is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. prs – Dari Persian
  2. pes – Western Persian

ful

ful is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are 9 individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:

  1. fub – Adamawa Fulfulde
  2. fui – Bagirmi Fulfulde
  3. fue – Borgu Fulfulde
  4. fuq – Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde
  5. ffm – Maasina Fulfulde
  6. fuv – Nigerian Fulfulde
  7. fuc – Pulaar
  8. fuf – Pular
  9. fuh – Western Niger Fulfulde

gba

gba is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are 6-7 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bdt – Bokoto
  2. gbp – Gbaya-Bossangoa
  3. gbq – Gbaya-Bozoum
  4. gmm – Gbaya-Mbodomo
  5. gya – Northwest Gbaya
  6. mdo – Southwest Gbaya (Retired 2008-01-14)
  7. gso – Southwest Gbaya

gon

gon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. gno – Northern Gondi
  2. ggo – Southern Gondi

grb

grb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. gry – Barclayville Grebo
  2. grv – Central Grebo
  3. gec – Gboloo Grebo
  4. gbo – Northern Grebo
  5. grj – Southern Grebo

grn

grn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. nhd – Chiripá
  2. gui – Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
  3. gun – Mbyá Guaraní
  4. gug – Paraguayan Guaraní
  5. gnw – Western Bolivian Guaraní

hai

hai is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. hdn – Northern Haida
  2. hax – Southern Haida

hbs

hbs is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bos – Bosnian
  2. hrv – Croatian
  3. srp – Serbian

hmn

hmn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of Feb. 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:

  1. hmc – Central Huishui Hmong
  2. hmm – Central Mashan Hmong
  3. cqd – Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao
  4. hme – Eastern Huishui Hmong
  5. hmq – Eastern Qiandong Hmong
  6. muq – Eastern Xiangxi Hmong
  7. hmj – Ge
  8. mww – Hmong Daw
  9. hnj – Hmong Njua
  10. hrm – Horned Miao
  11. hmd – Large Flowery Miao
  12. hml – Luopohe Hmong
  13. huj – Northern Guiyang Hmong
  14. hmi – Northern Huishui Hmong
  15. hmp – Northern Mashan Hmong
  16. hea – Northern Qiandong Miao
  17. sfm – Small Flowery Miao
  18. hmy – Southern Guiyang Hmong
  19. hma – Southern Mashan Hmong
  20. hms – Southern Qiandong Miao
  21. hmg – Southwestern Guiyang Hmong
  22. hmh – Southwestern Huishui Hmong
  23. hmw – Western Mashan Hmong
  24. mmr – Western Xiangxi Miao

iku

iku is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ike – Eastern Canadian Inuktitut
  2. ikt – Western Canadian Inuktitut

ipk

ipk is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. esi – North Alaskan Inupiatun
  2. esk – Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

jrb

jrb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:

  1. yhd – Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
  2. aju – Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
  3. yud – Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
  4. ajt – Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
  5. jye – Judeo-Yemeni Arabic

kaa–ozz

kau

kau is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are 3 individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:

  1. knc – Central Kanuri
  2. kby – Manga Kanuri
  3. krt – Tumari Kanuri

There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:

  1. bms – Bilma Kanuri
  2. kbl – Kanembu

kln

kln is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kalenjin language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 9 individual language codes assigned:

  1. eyo – Keiyo
  2. sgc – Kipsigis
  3. enb – Markweeta
  4. niq – Nandi
  5. oki – Okiek
  6. pko – Pökoot
  7. spy – Sabaot
  8. tec – Terik
  9. tuy – Tugen

kok

kok is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani macrolanguage. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. gom – Goan Konkani (has official recognition as an independent language)
  2. knn – Maharashtrian Konkani (no official recognition, treated by some linguists as a dialect of Marathi)

Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

kom

kom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. koi – Komi-Permyak
  2. kpv – Komi-Zyrian

kon

kon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. kng – Koongo
  2. ldi – Laari
  3. kwy – San Salvador Kongo

kpe

kpe is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. gkp – Guinea Kpelle
  2. xpe – Liberia Kpelle

kur

kur is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ckb – Central Kurdish
  2. kmr – Northern Kurdish
  3. sdh – Southern Kurdish

lah

lah is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are 8 individual language codes assigned.

  1. jat – Jakati
  2. xhe – Khetrani
  3. pmu – Mirpur Panjabi
  4. hno – Northern Hindko
  5. phr – Pahari-Potwari
  6. skr – Saraiki
  7. hnd – Southern Hindko
  8. pnb – Western Panjabi

Note that lah does not include Panjabi/Punjabi (pan).

lav

lav is the ISO 639-3 language code for Latvian. Its ISO 639-1 code is lv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ltg - Latgalian
  2. lvs - Standard Latvian

luy

luy is the ISO 639-3 language code for Luhya language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 14 individual language codes assigned:

  1. bxk – Bukusu
  2. nle – East Nyala
  3. ida – Idakho (Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki)
  4. lkb – Kabras
  5. lko – Khayo
  6. lks – Kisa
  7. rag – Logooli
  8. lri – Marachi
  9. lrm – Marama
  10. nyd – Nyore
  11. lsm – Saamia
  12. lts – Tachoni
  13. lto – Tsotso
  14. lwg – Wanga

man

man is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.

  1. emk – Eastern Maninkakan
  2. myq – Forest Maninka
  3. mwk – Kita Maninkakan
  4. mku – Konyanka Maninka
  5. mnk – Mandinka
  6. msc – Sankaran Maninka
  7. mlq – Western Maninkakan

mlg

mlg is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are 11-12 individual language codes assigned:

  1. xmv – Antankarana Malagasy
  2. bhr – Bara Malagasy
  3. msh – Masikoro Malagasy
  4. bmm – Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
  5. plt – Plateau Malagasy
  6. skg – Sakalava Malagasy
  7. bjq – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy (Retired 2011-05-18)
  8. bzc – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
  9. tkg – Tesaka Malagasy
  10. tdx – Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy
  11. txy – Tanosy Malagasy
  12. xmw – Tsimihety Malagasy

mon

mon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. khk – Halh Mongolian
  2. mvf – Peripheral Mongolian

msa

msa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:

  1. btj – Bacanese Malay
  2. bve – Berau Malay
  3. bvu – Bukit Malay
  4. coa – Cocos Islands Malay
  5. jax – Jambi Malay
  6. meo – Kedah Malay
  7. mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai Malay
  8. mly – Malay (specific)
  9. xmm – Manado Malay
  10. max – North Moluccan Malay
  11. mfa – Pattani Malay
  12. msi – Sabah Malay
  13. vkt – Tenggarong Kutai Malay

mwr

mwr is the ISO 639-3 language code for Marwari language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.

  1. dhd – Dhundari
  2. rwr – Marwari (India)
  3. mve – Marwari (Pakistan)
  4. wry – Merwari
  5. mtr – Mewari
  6. swv – Shekhawati

nor

nor is the ISO 639-3 language code for Norwegian. Its ISO 639-1 code is no. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. nob – Norwegian Bokmål
  2. nno – Norwegian Nynorsk

oji

oji is the ISO 639-3 language code for the Anishinaabe languages, commonly called the Ojibwe language group. Its ISO 639-1 code is oj. There are 7 individual language codes assigned:

  1. ciw – Chippewa (Ojibwa, Southwestern)
  2. ojb – Ojibwa, Northwestern
  3. ojc – Ojibwa, Central
  4. ojg – Ojibwa, Mississaga (Ojibwa, Eastern)
  5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern)
  6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western
  7. otw – Ottawa

In addition, there are 3 closely associated individual codes.

  1. alq – Algonquin language (part of the Ojibwe language group but not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)
  2. pot – Potawatomi language (formerly part of the Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)
  3. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there are 2 other languages without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

  1. Broken Ojibwa (pidgin language used until the end of the 19th century)
  2. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)
See also

orm

orm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Oromo language. Its ISO 639-1 code is om. There are 4 individual language codes assigned:

  1. gax – Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo
  2. hae – Eastern Oromo
  3. orc – Orma
  4. gaz – West Central Oromo

paa–zzz

pus

pus is the ISO 639-3 language code for Pushto language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ps. There are 3 individual language codes assigned.

  1. pst – Central Pashto
  2. pbu – Northern Pashto
  3. pbt – Southern Pashto

que

que is the ISO 639-3 language code for Quechua languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is qu. As of April 2007 there are 44 individual language codes assigned for Quechua varieties.

  1. qva – Ambo-Pasco Quechua
  2. qxu – Arequipa-La Unión Quechua
  3. quy – Ayacucho Quechua
  4. qvc – Cajamarca Quechua
  5. qvl – Cajatambo North Lima Quechua
  6. qud – Calderón Highland Quichua
  7. qxr – Cañar Highland Quichua
  8. quk – Chachapoyas Quechua
  9. cqu – Chilean Quechua
  10. qug – Chimborazo Highland Quichua
  11. qxc – Chincha Quechua
  12. qxa – Chiquián Ancash Quechua
  13. qwc – Classical Quechua
  14. qwa – Corongo Ancash Quechua
  15. quz – Cusco Quechua
  16. qve – Eastern Apurímac Quechua
  17. qub – Huallaga Huánuco Quechua
  18. qvh – Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua
  19. qwh – Huaylas Ancash Quechua
  20. qvw – Huaylla Wanca Quechua
  21. qvi – Imbabura Highland Quichua
  22. qxw – Jauja Wanca Quechua
  23. quf – Lambayeque Quechua
  24. qvj – Loja Highland Quichua
  25. qvm – Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua
  26. qvo – Napo Lowland Quechua
  27. qul – North Bolivian Quechua
  28. qvn – North Junín Quechua
  29. qxn – Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua
  30. qvz – Northern Pastaza Quichua
  31. qvp – Pacaraos Quechua
  32. qxh – Panao Huánuco Quechua
  33. qxp – Puno Quechua
  34. qxl – Salasaca Highland Quichua
  35. qvs – San Martín Quechua
  36. qxt – Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua
  37. qus – Santiago del Estero Quichua
  38. qws – Sihuas Ancash Quechua
  39. quh – South Bolivian Quechua
  40. qxo – Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua
  41. qup – Southern Pastaza Quechua
  42. quw – Tena Lowland Quichua
  43. qur – Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua
  44. qux – Yauyos Quechua

raj

raj is the ISO 639-3 language code for Rajasthani language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.

  1. bgq – Bagri
  2. gda – Gade Lohar
  3. gju – Gujari
  4. hoj – Hadothi
  5. mup – Malvi
  6. wbr – Wagdi

rom

rom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Romany language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.

  1. rmn – Balkan Romani
  2. rml – Baltic Romani
  3. rmc – Carpathian Romani
  4. rmf – Kalo Finnish Romani
  5. rmo – Sinte Romani
  6. rmy – Vlax Romani
  7. rmw – Welsh Romani

In addition, there are 8 individual codes not part of this macrolanguage but they are categorized as mixed languages.

  1. rge – Romano-Greek
  2. rmd – Traveller Danish
  3. rme – Angloromani
  4. rmg – Traveller Norwegian
  5. rmi – Lomavren
  6. rmr – Caló
  7. rmu – Tavringer Romani
  8. rsb – Romano-Serbian

In addition, there is a language without an individual code assigned, which it is not part of this macrolanguage.

  1. Erromintxela (Basque-Romani mix)

sqi

sqi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Albanian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sq. As of June 2006 there are 4 individual language codes assigned for Albanian languages:

  1. aae – Arbëreshë Albanian
  2. aat – Arvanitika Albanian
  3. aln – Gheg Albanian
  4. als – Tosk Albanian

srd

srd is the ISO 639-3 language code for Sardinian language. Its ISO 639-1 code is sc. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.

  1. sro – Campidanese
  2. sdn – Gallurese
  3. src – Logudorese
  4. sdc – Sassarese

swa

swa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Swahili. Its ISO 639-1 code is sw. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:

  1. swc – Congo Swahili
  2. swh – Swahili

syr

syr is the ISO 639-3 language code for Syriac language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. aii – Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
  2. cld – Chaldean Neo-Aramaic

tmh

tmh is the ISO 639-3 language code for Tamashek language. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.

  1. thv – Tahaggart Tamahaq
  2. taq – Tamasheq
  3. ttq – Tawallammat Tamajaq
  4. thz – Tayart Tamajeq

uzb

uzb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Uzbek language. Its ISO 639-1 code is uz. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. uzn – Northern Uzbek language
  2. uzs – Southern Uzbek language

yid

yid is the ISO 639-3 language code for Yiddish language. Its ISO 639-1 code is yi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. ydd – Eastern Yiddish
  2. yih – Western Yiddish

zap

zap is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zapotec language. There are 57 individual language codes assigned.

  1. zaq – Aloápam Zapotec
  2. zpo – Amatlán Zapotec
  3. zoo – Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec
  4. zaf – Ayoquesco Zapotec
  5. zad – Cajonos Zapotec
  6. zpv – Chichicapan Zapotec
  7. zpc – Choapan Zapotec
  8. zca – Coatecas Altas Zapotec
  9. zps – Coatlán Zapotec
  10. zpp – El Alto Zapotec
  11. zte – Elotepec Zapotec
  12. zpg – Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec
  13. ztu – Güilá Zapotec
  14. zai – Isthmus Zapotec
  15. zpa – Lachiguiri Zapotec
  16. zpl – Lachixío Zapotec
  17. ztl – Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec
  18. ztp – Loxicha Zapotec
  19. zpy – Mazaltepec Zapotec
  20. zam – Miahuatlán Zapotec
  21. zaw – Mitla Zapotec
  22. zpm – Mixtepec Zapotec
  23. zac – Ocotlán Zapotec
  24. zao – Ozolotepec Zapotec
  25. zpe – Petapa Zapotec
  26. zpj – Quiavicuzas Zapotec
  27. ztq – Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec
  28. zar – Rincón Zapotec
  29. ztm – San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec
  30. zpx – San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec
  31. zab – San Juan Guelavía Zapotec
  32. zpf – San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec
  33. zpt – San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec
  34. ztn – Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec
  35. zpn – Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec
  36. zpi – Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec
  37. zpr – Santiago Xanica Zapotec
  38. zas – Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec
  39. zaa – Sierra de Juárez Zapotec
  40. zpd – Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec
  41. zsr – Southern Rincon Zapotec
  42. zat – Tabaa Zapotec
  43. ztt – Tejalapan Zapotec
  44. zpz – Texmelucan Zapotec
  45. zts – Tilquiapan Zapotec
  46. zpk – Tlacolulita Zapotec
  47. zph – Totomachapan Zapotec
  48. zax – Xadani Zapotec
  49. ztg – Xanaguía Zapotec
  50. zpu – Yalálag Zapotec
  51. zae – Yareni Zapotec
  52. zty – Yatee Zapotec
  53. zav – Yatzachi Zapotec
  54. zpb – Yautepec Zapotec
  55. ztx – Zaachila Zapotec
  56. zpw – Zaniza Zapotec
  57. zpq – Zoogocho Zapotec

In addition, there is an individual code not part of this macrolanguage because it is categorized as a historical language.

  1. xzp – Ancient Zapotec

zha

zha is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zhuang languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is za. There are 16 individual language codes assigned.

  1. zch – Central Hongshuihe Zhuang
  2. zhd – Dai Zhuang
  3. zeh – Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang
  4. zgb – Guibei Zhuang
  5. zgn – Guibian Zhuang
  6. zln – Lianshan Zhuang
  7. zlj – Liujiang Zhuang
  8. zlq – Liuqian Zhuang
  9. zgm – Minz Zhuang
  10. zhn – Nong Zhuang
  11. zqe – Qiubei Zhuang
  12. zyg – Yang Zhuang
  13. zyb – Yongbei Zhuang
  14. zyn – Yongnan Zhuang
  15. zyj – Youjiang Zhuang
  16. zzj – Zuojiang Zhuang

zho

zho is the ISO 639-3 language code for Chinese. Its ISO 639-1 code is zh. There are 13 individual language codes assigned, some with their own dialects:

  1. cdo – Min Dong
  2. cjy – Jin
  3. cmn – Mandarin
  4. cpx – Puxian Min
  5. czh – Huizhou
  6. czo – Min Zhong
  7. gan – Gan
  8. hak – Hakka
  9. hsn – Xiang
  10. mnp – Min Bei
  11. nan – Min Nan
  12. wuu – Wu
  13. yue – Yue (Cantonese)

Although the Dungan language (dng) is considered most closely related to Mandarin, it is not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 due to separate historical and cultural development.[6]

ISO 639 also lists codes for Old Chinese (och) and Late Middle Chinese (ltc). They are not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 because they are categorized as ancient and historical languages, respectively.

See also

zza

zza is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zaza language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.

  1. diq – Dimli
  2. kiu – Kirmanjki

See also

ISO 639 and ISO 639 macrolanguage
   

ISO 639-4
—
guidelines

ISO 639-5
list of codes
families/groups

ISO 639-6
—
variants

References

  1. ^ "Scope of denotation for language identifiers". SIL International. http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/scope.asp#M. 
  2. ^ Lewis, M. Paul, ed. 2009. Ethnologue. Dallas: SIL International
  3. ^ "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ara". SIL International. http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ara. 
  4. ^ "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: arb". SIL International. http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=arb. 
  5. ^
    ISO 639-2/RA Change Notice
    ISO
    639-1
    Code    		 ISO
    639-2
    Code    		 English
    name of
    Language    		 French
    name of
    Language    		 Date
    Added or
    Changed    		 Category
    of Change    		 Notes
    [-sh] (none) Serbo-Croatian serbo-croate 2000-02-18 Dep This code was deprecated in 2000 because there were separate language codes for each individual language represented (Serbian, Croatian, and then Bosnian was added). It was published in a revision of ISO 639-1, but never was included in ISO 639-2. It is considered a macrolanguage (general name for a cluster of closely related individual languages) in ISO 639-3. Its deprecated status was reaffirmed by the ISO 639 JAC in 2005.
    sr srp [scc] Serbian serbe 2008-06-28 CC ISO 639-2/B code deprecated in favor of ISO 639-2/T code
    hr hrv [scr] Croatian croate 2008-06-28 CC ISO 639-2/B code deprecated in favor of ISO 639-2/T code
  6. ^ Rimsky-Korsakoff, Svetlana (1967). "Soviet Dungan: The Chinese language of Central Asia. Alphabet, phonology, morphology.". Monumenta Serica 26: 352–421. 

External links