MXD1
MAD protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MXD1 gene.[1][2]
MAX dimerization protein belongs to a subfamily of MAX-interacting proteins. This protein competes with MYC for binding to MAX to form a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex, acts as a transcriptional repressor (while MYC appears to function as an activator) and is a candidate tumor suppressor.[2]
Interactions
MXD1 has been shown to interact with Histone deacetylase 2,[3][4] SMC3,[5] MLX,[6][7] SIN3A[8][9][10] and MAX.[11][12][5][13]
References
- ^ Shapiro DN, Valentine V, Eagle L, Yin X, Morris SW, Prochownik EV (Feb 1995). "Assignment of the human MAD and MXI1 genes to chromosomes 2p12-p13 and 10q24-q25". Genomics 23 (1): 282–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1496. PMID 7829091.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: MXD1 MAX dimerization protein 1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4084.
- ^ Laherty, C D; Yang W M, Sun J M, Davie J R, Seto E, Eisenman R N (May. 1997). "Histone deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression". Cell (UNITED STATES) 89 (3): 349–56. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80215-9. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9150134.
- ^ Spronk, C A; Tessari M, Kaan A M, Jansen J F, Vermeulen M, Stunnenberg H G, Vuister G W (Dec. 2000). "The Mad1-Sin3B interaction involves a novel helical fold". Nat. Struct. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 7 (12): 1100–4. doi:10.1038/81944. ISSN 1072-8368. PMID 11101889.
- ^ a b Gupta, K; Anand G, Yin X, Grove L, Prochownik E V (Mar. 1998). "Mmip1: a novel leucine zipper protein that reverses the suppressive effects of Mad family members on c-myc". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 16 (9): 1149–59. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201634. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9528857.
- ^ Cairo, S; Merla G, Urbinati F, Ballabio A, Reymond A (Mar. 2001). "WBSCR14, a gene mapping to the Williams--Beuren syndrome deleted region, is a new member of the Mlx transcription factor network". Hum. Mol. Genet. (England) 10 (6): 617–27. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.6.617. ISSN 0964-6906. PMID 11230181.
- ^ Meroni, G; Cairo S, Merla G, Messali S, Brent R, Ballabio A, Reymond A (Jul. 2000). "Mlx, a new Max-like bHLHZip family member: the center stage of a novel transcription factors regulatory pathway?". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 19 (29): 3266–77. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203634. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 10918583.
- ^ Swanson, Kurt A; Knoepfler Paul S, Huang Kai, Kang Richard S, Cowley Shaun M, Laherty Carol D, Eisenman Robert N, Radhakrishnan Ishwar (Aug. 2004). "HBP1 and Mad1 repressors bind the Sin3 corepressor PAH2 domain with opposite helical orientations". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. (United States) 11 (8): 738–46. doi:10.1038/nsmb798. ISSN 1545-9993. PMID 15235594.
- ^ Brubaker, K; Cowley S M, Huang K, Loo L, Yochum G S, Ayer D E, Eisenman R N, Radhakrishnan I (Nov. 2000). "Solution structure of the interacting domains of the Mad-Sin3 complex: implications for recruitment of a chromatin-modifying complex". Cell (UNITED STATES) 103 (4): 655–65. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00168-9. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 11106735.
- ^ Ayer, D E; Lawrence Q A, Eisenman R N (Mar. 1995). "Mad-Max transcriptional repression is mediated by ternary complex formation with mammalian homologs of yeast repressor Sin3". Cell (UNITED STATES) 80 (5): 767–76. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90355-0. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 7889570.
- ^ Lee, Clement M; Onésime Djamila, Reddy C Damodara, Dhanasekaran N, Reddy E Premkumar (Oct. 2002). "JLP: A scaffolding protein that tethers JNK/p38MAPK signaling modules and transcription factors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 99 (22): 14189–94. doi:10.1073/pnas.232310199. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 137859. PMID 12391307. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=137859.
- ^ Ayer, D E; Kretzner L, Eisenman R N (Jan. 1993). "Mad: a heterodimeric partner for Max that antagonizes Myc transcriptional activity". Cell (UNITED STATES) 72 (2): 211–22. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90661-9. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 8425218.
- ^ Nair, Satish K; Burley Stephen K (Jan. 2003). "X-ray structures of Myc-Max and Mad-Max recognizing DNA. Molecular bases of regulation by proto-oncogenic transcription factors". Cell (United States) 112 (2): 193–205. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01284-9. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 12553908.
Further reading
- Grandori C, Cowley SM, James LP, Eisenman RN (2001). "The Myc/Max/Mad network and the transcriptional control of cell behavior.". Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 16 (1): 653–99. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.16.1.653. PMID 11031250.
- Lüscher B (2001). "Function and regulation of the transcription factors of the Myc/Max/Mad network.". Gene 277 (1-2): 1–14. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00697-7. PMID 11602341.
- Ayer DE, Lawrence QA, Eisenman RN (1995). "Mad-Max transcriptional repression is mediated by ternary complex formation with mammalian homologs of yeast repressor Sin3.". Cell 80 (5): 767–76. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90355-0. PMID 7889570.
- Edelhoff S, Ayer DE, Zervos AS, et al. (1994). "Mapping of two genes encoding members of a distinct subfamily of MAX interacting proteins: MAD to human chromosome 2 and mouse chromosome 6, and MXI1 to human chromosome 10 and mouse chromosome 19.". Oncogene 9 (2): 665–8. PMID 8290278.
- Ayer DE, Kretzner L, Eisenman RN (1993). "Mad: a heterodimeric partner for Max that antagonizes Myc transcriptional activity.". Cell 72 (2): 211–22. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90661-9. PMID 8425218.
- Hassig CA, Fleischer TC, Billin AN, et al. (1997). "Histone deacetylase activity is required for full transcriptional repression by mSin3A.". Cell 89 (3): 341–7. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80214-7. PMID 9150133.
- Laherty CD, Yang WM, Sun JM, et al. (1997). "Histone deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression.". Cell 89 (3): 349–56. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80215-9. PMID 9150134.
- Gupta K, Anand G, Yin X, et al. (1998). "Mmip1: a novel leucine zipper protein that reverses the suppressive effects of Mad family members on c-myc.". Oncogene 16 (9): 1149–59. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201634. PMID 9528857.
- FitzGerald MJ, Arsura M, Bellas RE, et al. (1999). "Differential effects of the widely expressed dMax splice variant of Max on E-box vs initiator element-mediated regulation by c-Myc.". Oncogene 18 (15): 2489–98. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202611. PMID 10229200.
- Khan MM, Nomura T, Kim H, et al. (2001). "Role of PML and PML-RARalpha in Mad-mediated transcriptional repression.". Mol. Cell 7 (6): 1233–43. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00257-X. PMID 11430826.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
- Nikiforov MA, Popov N, Kotenko I, et al. (2003). "The Mad and Myc basic domains are functionally equivalent.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (13): 11094–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212298200. PMID 12538578.
- Nair SK, Burley SK (2003). "X-ray structures of Myc-Max and Mad-Max recognizing DNA. Molecular bases of regulation by proto-oncogenic transcription factors.". Cell 112 (2): 193–205. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01284-9. PMID 12553908.
- Siegel PM, Shu W, Massagué J (2003). "Mad upregulation and Id2 repression accompany transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-mediated epithelial cell growth suppression.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (37): 35444–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301413200. PMID 12824180.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
- Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, et al. (2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.". Nature 434 (7034): 724–31. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621.
- Zada AA, Pulikkan JA, Bararia D, et al. (2007). "Proteomic discovery of Max as a novel interacting partner of C/EBPalpha: a Myc/Max/Mad link.". Leukemia 20 (12): 2137–46. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404438. PMID 17082780.
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PDB gallery
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1nlw: Crystal structure of Mad-Max recognizing DNA
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