Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A

Myocyte enhancer factor 2A

PDB rendering based on 1c7u.

Available structures
PDB	1C7U, 1EGW, 3KOV

Identifiers

Symbols

MEF2A; ADCAD1; RSRFC4; RSRFC9

External IDs

OMIM: 600660 MGI: 99532 HomoloGene: 4080 GeneCards: MEF2A Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • protein binding • protein binding • protein kinase binding • activating transcription factor binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • histone deacetylase binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • SMAD binding • protein heterodimerization activity
Cellular component	• nuclear chromatin • nucleus • nucleoplasm • nucleoplasm
Biological process	• mitochondrial genome maintenance • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • MAPKKK cascade • toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • transcription, DNA-dependent • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • apoptosis • multicellular organismal development • nervous system development • muscle organ development • Toll signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway • muscle cell differentiation • innate immune response • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway • mitochondrion distribution • dendrite morphogenesis • positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation • stress-activated MAPK cascade • ventricular cardiac myofibril development • cardiac conduction • BMK cascade • cellular response to calcium ion
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 15:
100.02 – 100.26 Mb

Chr 7:
74.38 – 74.52 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEF2A gene.^[1]^[2] MEF2A is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family. In humans it is located on chromosome 15q26. Certain mutations in MEF2A cause an autosomal dominant form of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.

The process of differentiation from mesodermal precursor cells to myoblasts has led to the discovery of a variety of tissue-specific factors that regulate muscle gene expression. The myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including myoD (MIM 159970), myogenin (MIM 159980), MYF5 (MIM 159990), and MRF4 (MIM 159991) are 1 class of identified factors. A second family of DNA binding regulatory proteins is the myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family. Each of these proteins binds to the MEF2 target DNA sequence present in the regulatory regions of many, if not all, muscle-specific genes. The MEF2 genes are members of the MADS gene family (named for the yeast mating type-specific transcription factor MCM1, the plant homeotic genes 'agamous' and 'deficiens' and the human serum response factor SRF (MIM 600589)), a family that also includes several homeotic genes and other transcription factors, all of which share a conserved DNA-binding domain.[supplied by OMIM]^[2]

1 Interactions
2 References
3 Further reading
4 External links

Interactions

Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A has been shown to interact with HDAC9,^[3]^[4] MEF2D,^[5] MAPK14,^[6]^[7] Histone deacetylase 5,^[4] EP300,^[8] ASCL1,^[9] HDAC4,^[3]^[4] Thyroid hormone receptor alpha^[8] and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2.^[10]

References

^ Yu YT, Breitbart RE, Smoot LB, Lee Y, Mahdavi V, Nadal-Ginard B (Oct 1992). "Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors". Genes Dev 6 (9): 1783–98. doi:10.1101/gad.6.9.1783. PMID 1516833.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: MEF2A MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide A (myocyte enhancer factor 2A)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4205.
^ ^a ^b Miska, E A; Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen S J, Pines J, Kouzarides T (Sep. 1999). "HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 18 (18): 5099–107. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.18.5099. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1171580. PMID 10487761. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1171580.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lemercier, C; Verdel A, Galloo B, Curtet S, Brocard M P, Khochbin S (May. 2000). "mHDA1/HDAC5 histone deacetylase interacts with and represses MEF2A transcriptional activity". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (20): 15594–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M908437199. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10748098.
^ Ornatsky, O I; McDermott J C (Oct. 1996). "MEF2 protein expression, DNA binding specificity and complex composition, and transcriptional activity in muscle and non-muscle cells". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 271 (40): 24927–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24927. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8798771.
^ Zhao, M; New L, Kravchenko V V, Kato Y, Gram H, di Padova F, Olson E N, Ulevitch R J, Han J (Jan. 1999). "Regulation of the MEF2 Family of Transcription Factors by p38". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (1): 21–30. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 83862. PMID 9858528. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=83862.
^ Yang, S H; Galanis A, Sharrocks A D (Jun. 1999). "Targeting of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to MEF2 Transcription Factors". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (6): 4028–38. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 104362. PMID 10330143. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=104362.
^ ^a ^b De Luca, Antonio; Severino Anna, De Paolis Paola, Cottone Giuliano, De Luca Luca, De Falco Maria, Porcellini Antonio, Volpe Massimo, Condorelli Gianluigi (Feb. 2003). "p300/cAMP-response-element-binding-protein ('CREB')-binding protein (CBP) modulates co-operation between myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor". Biochem. J. (England) 369 (Pt 3): 477–84. doi:10.1042/BJ20020057. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1223100. PMID 12371907. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1223100.
^ Mao, Z; Nadal-Ginard B (Jun. 1996). "Functional and physical interactions between mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 and myocyte enhancer factor 2A". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 271 (24): 14371–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14371. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8662987.
^ Quinn, Z A; Yang C C, Wrana J L, McDermott J C (Feb. 2001). "Smad proteins function as co-modulators for MEF2 transcriptional regulatory proteins". Nucleic Acids Res. (England) 29 (3): 732–42. doi:10.1093/nar/29.3.732. PMC 30396. PMID 11160896. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=30396.

External links

FactorBook MEF2A

PDB gallery

1c7u: Complex of the DNA binding core domain of the transcription factor MEF2A with a 20mer oligonucleotide

1egw: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MEF2A CORE BOUND TO DNA

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)	Activating transcription factor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) · AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, JDP2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) · BACH (1, 2) · BATF · BLZF1 · C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) · CREB (1, 3, L1) · CREM · DBP · DDIT3 · GABPA · HLF · MAF (B, F, G, K) · NFE (2, L1, L2, L3) · NFIL3 · NRL · NRF (1, 2, 3) · XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)	ATOH1 · AhR · AHRR · ARNT · ASCL1 · BHLHB2 · BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) · CLOCK · EPAS1 · FIGLA · HAND (1, 2) · HES (5, 6) · HEY (1, 2, L) · HES1 · HIF (1A, 3A) · ID (1, 2, 3, 4) · LYL1 · MESP2 · MXD4 · MYCL1 · MYCN · Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) · Neurogenins (1, 2, 3) · NeuroD (1, 2) · NPAS (1, 2, 3) · OLIG (1, 2) · Pho4 · Scleraxis · SIM (1, 2) · TAL (1, 2) · Twist · USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	AP-4 · MAX · MITF · MNT · MLX · MXI1 · Myc · SREBP (1, 2)

(1.4) NF-1	NFI (A, B, C, X) · SMAD (R-SMAD (1, 2, 3, 5, 9) - I-SMAD (6, 7) - 4)

(1.5) RF-X	RFX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ANK)

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)	AP-2 (α, β, γ, δ, ε)

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)	subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Androgen, Estrogen (α, β), Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone), Estrogen related (α, β, γ)) subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) · subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) · subfamily 6 (GCNF) · subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP)

(2.2) Other Cys₄	GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) · MTA (1, 2, 3) · TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂	General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE (1, 2), TFIIF (1, 2), TFIIH (1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2)) ATBF1 · BCL (6, 11A, 11B) · CTCF · E4F1 · EGR (1, 2, 3, 4) · ERV3 · GFI1 · GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, REST, S2, YY1) · HIC (1, 2) · HIVEP (1, 2, 3) · IKZF (1, 2, 3) · ILF (2, 3) · KLF (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17) · MTF1 · MYT1 · OSR1 · PRDM9 · SALL (1, 2, 3, 4) · SP (1, 2, 4, 7, 8) · TSHZ3 · WT1 · Zbtb7 (7A, 7B) · ZBTB (16, 17, 20, 32, 33, 40) · zinc finger (3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 300, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 423, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 644, 649, 655)

(2.4) Cys₆	HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition	AIRE · DIDO1 · GRLF1 · ING (1, 2, 4) · JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) · JMJD1B

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

(3.1) Homeodomain	ARX · CDX (1, 2) · CRX · CUTL1 · DBX (1, 2) · DLX (3, 4, 5) · EMX2 · EN (1, 2) · FHL (1, 2, 3) · HESX1 · HHEX · HLX · Homeobox (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) · HOPX · IRX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, MKX) · LMX (1A, 1B) · MEIS (1, 2) · MEOX2 · MNX1 · MSX (1, 2) · NANOG · NKX (2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-5, 3-1, 3-2, 6-1, 6-2) · NOBOX · PBX (1, 2, 3) · PHF (1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 20, 21A) · PHOX (2A, 2B) · PITX (1, 2, 3) · POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: A, B, C, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7, 11) · OTX (1, 2) · PDX1 · SATB2 · SHOX2 · VAX1 · ZEB (1, 2)

(3.2) Paired box	PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix	E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · FOX proteins (A1, A2, A3, C1, C2, D3, D4, E1, E3, F1, G1, H1, I1, J1, J2, K1, K2, L2, M1, N1, N3, O1, O3, O4, P1, P2, P3, P4)

(3.4) Heat Shock Factors	HSF (1, 2, 4)

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters	ELF (2, 4, 5) · EGF · ELK (1, 3, 4) · ERF · ETS (1, 2, ERG, SPIB) · ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) · FLI1 · Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · MYB · MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain	transcriptional enhancer factor (1, 2, 3, 4)

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) · NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5)

(4.2) STAT	STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

(4.3) p53	p53 · TBX (1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 21, 22, Brachyury, TBR1, TBR2) · TP63

(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 (A, B, C, D) · SRF

(4.6) TATA binding proteins	TBP · TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group	BBX · HMGB (1, 2, 3, 4) · HMGN (1, 2, 3, 4) · HNF (1A, 1B) · LEF1 · SOX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21) · SRY · SSRP1 · TCF (3, 4) · TOX (1, 2, 3, 4)

(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA, YBX1

(4.11) Runt	CBF (CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3, RUNX1T1)

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA (1, 2) · HBP1

(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb · RBL1 · RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 · EREBP · B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) · CAP · IFI (16, 35) · MLL (2, 3, T1) · MNDA · NFY (A, B, C) · Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies
B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A

Contents

Interactions

References

Further reading

External links