M62 motorway

M62 motorway
Route information
Maintained by the Highways Agency
Length: 107 mi[1] (172 km)
7 miles (11 km) are part of the M60 motorway
History: Constructed 1960–1976
Major junctions
West end: Knotty Ash
  
 J10 → M6
 J12 → M60
 J18 → M60
 J29 → M1
J32a → A1(M)
East end: North Cave
Location
Counties: Merseyside, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire
Primary
destinations:		 Liverpool, Salford, Manchester, Bradford, Leeds, Wakefield, Hull
Road network

Roads in the United Kingdom
Motorways • A and B road zones

The M62 motorway is a west–east trans-Pennine motorway in Northern England, connecting Liverpool and Hull via Manchester and Leeds. The road also forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 (Shannon to Saint Petersburg) and E22 (Holyhead to Ishim). The road is 107 miles (172 km) long;[1] for 7 miles (11 km), it shares its route with the M60 motorway around Manchester.[2] The motorway, which was first proposed in the 1930s, and originally conceived as two separate routes, was built in stages between 1971 and 1976, with construction beginning at Pole Moor and finishing in Tarbock on the outskirts of Liverpool. The motorway also absorbed the northern end of the Stretford-Eccles bypass, which was built between 1957 and 1960. Adjusted for inflation to 2007, the motorway cost approximately £765 million to build.[3][4] The motorway is relatively busy, with an average daily traffic flow of 100,000 cars in Yorkshire, and has several areas prone to gridlock, in particular, between Leeds and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.

The motorway's history has included a coach bombing on 4 February 1974, and a rail crash on 28 February 2001. The motorway is also notable for Stott Hall Farm, a farm in the Pennines situated between the carriageways. The farm has since become one of the most well known sights in West Yorkshire.

The road passes the cities of Salford, Manchester, Bradford and Leeds. Between Liverpool and Manchester, and east of Leeds, the terrain of the road is relatively flat, while between Manchester and Leeds, the road crosses the Pennines. Its highest point on Windy Hill near Saddleworth Moor () is the highest point of any motorway in the United Kingdom, at 1,221 feet (372 m) above sea level.[5][6][7]

Contents

History

Origin of the road

The origins of the M62 date back to the 1930s, where the need for a route between Lancashire and Yorkshire had been agreed after discussion by the respective highway authorities of the counties.[8] At the same time, it was envisaged that a route between Liverpool and Hull was also needed, connecting the two ports to industrial Yorkshire.[9]

Some years later, after World War II, the Minister of Transport appointed engineers to inspect road standards between the A580 road in Swinton and the A1 road near Selby.[9] In 1949, that year's Road Plan for South Lancashire specified the need to upgrade to dual carriageway and grade separation of the A580, and bypasses of both Huyton and Cadishead.[10] In 1952, the route for a trans-Pennine motorway, known as the Lancashire–Yorkshire Motorway, was laid down, with Ferrybridge chosen as the eastern terminus rather than Selby.[9] By the 1960s the proposed upgrade of the A580 to dual carriageway in Lancashire had come to be considered inadequate, and there was "an urgent need" to link Liverpool to the motorway network.[10] The route of the Lancashire-Yorkshire motorway was also considered inadequate as it failed to cater for several industrial towns in Yorkshire.[9] When James Drake visited the United States in 1962, his experience with the Interstate Highway system led him to conclude that the Merseyside Expressway, planned to run only between Liverpool and the M6, would need extending to the Stretford-Eccles Bypass, creating a continuous motorway between Liverpool and Ferrybridge (a link between Ferrybridge and Hull was not considered until 1964).[11] Initially these plans were unpopular and unsupported by the Ministry of Transport, but nevertheless the scheme was added to the Road Plan in 1963.[10]

Construction

Liverpool Inner Motorway

Originally, Liverpool was intended to have an urban motorway along with Manchester, Leeds and Newcastle.[12] In the latter cases, the motorways were constructed (the A57(M), A58(M), A64(M) and A167(M) respectively). The M62 was intended to terminate upon the Inner Motorway, but due to the Inner Motorway not being constructed, the M62 link was not constructed either.[13] The proposed route would have followed the railway into Liverpool as far as Edge Hill, with junctions with Rathbone Road and Durning Road, dropping two lanes at the latter, before terminating on the Islington Radial.[13]

West of Manchester

Originally, the section of the M62 west of Manchester was intended to be a separate motorway linking Liverpool with Salford, but a continuous motorway between Leeds and Liverpool was deemed to be more feasible,[14][15] known as the M52. Construction of the motorway between Liverpool and Manchester started in 1971, with the construction of a link between the M57 and the M6 motorway.[10] Concurrently, a contract to link the M6 with Manchester was under way, which required the removal of unsuitable material and drainage of the land. This section was completed in August 1974, creating a continuous link between Ferrybridge and Tarbock.

The section between Tarbock and Liverpool was the last section of the motorway to be completed, in 1976, due to the difficulties of building an urban motorway. In total, two viaducts, ten bridges and seven underpasses had to be constructed to secure the structural integrity of the surrounding residential area. The motorway reached only as far as Queens Drive (junction 4), leaving the first three junctions unbuilt.[10]

In Greater Manchester

See also: M60 motorway, M602 motorway, and M63 motorway

The first part of the M62 to be built was the Stretford-Eccles Bypass, which now covers junctions 7 to 13 of the M60.[16] Construction started in 1957, and opened in 1960.[17]

Two separate motorways were planned, with the M52 running from Liverpool into Salford; the other, the M62, would link Pole Moor with the Stretford-Eccles Bypass.[14] The section between the interchange with the Stretford-Eccles Bypass and Salford is now occupied by the M602 motorway.

The Eccles-Pole Moor section was opened in 1971.[18][19] Between Eccles and Pole Moor, 67 crossings of the motorway were required, including seven viaducts and eight junctions.[8]

Between Windy Hill and Lofthouse

The first section of the Yorkshire section of the motorway was completed in 1970, between the county boundary at Windy Hill and Outlane.[1][20] The construction of the section between Windy Hill and Pole Moor was difficult, given the inhospitable hilly terrain, numerous peat bogs, and undesirable weather conditions. To build this section of motorway, 12,000,000 cubic yards (9,200,000 m3) of material was moved, 8,000,000 cubic yards (6,100,000 m3) of which were solid rock; 650,000 cubic yards (500,000 m3) of this material was peat, which had to be cut from the rock strata and was eventually deposited on hillsides adjacent to the motorway. In addition to the problems caused by removal of the material, the geology of the moors resulted in the engineers needing to split the carriageways for 3⁄4 miles (1.2 km) in the middle of this section, sparing Stott Hall Farm from demolition.[20][21] Two notable bridge constructions were the bridge carrying the Pennine Way, which is curved downwards with 85-foot (26 m) long cantilevers, and Scammonden Bridge, often called the longest single-span non-suspension bridge in Britain,[22] which carries a B road 120 feet (37 m) above the motorway.[20] The 1-mile (1.6 km) section between Pole Moor and Outlane suffered fewer problems, with the summer weather being satisfactory.[23] Concurrently, a section of the motorway was being built between Gildersome and Lofthouse,[1] resulting in the demolition of a significant proportion of the village of Tingley to build the eponymous interchange.

Southerly view from Booth Moor, Calderdale, of the M62 motorway from Scammonden Bridge to Windy Hill. Stott Hall Farm can be seen between the east and westbound carriageways

East of Lofthouse

Two contracts were awarded for the section of the M62 between Lofthouse and Ferrybridge in 1972, and both were completed in 1974.[24][25] On the first contract, care was needed at the crossing of the River Calder due to the alluvial bedrock, while, on the second, precautions were taken as the length was built on old coal mine workings.

The sections between Ferrybridge and North Cave were the last sections of the motorway to be conceived[11] and built.[18] One of the most notable features is the bridge crossing the River Ouse west of Goole, a structure nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long, rising to 98.4 feet (30.0 m) above ground level, which commenced construction in January 1973.

The bridge was delayed due to "steel supplies [being] a chronic headache"[26] and a partial collapse of the framework, caused by bolts joining a cross-beam to a trestle shearing.[11] The problems with the Ouse Bridge pushed the opening of the whole section east of Goole back to May 1976.[11][18]

Development after opening

In 1987, the Department of Transport proposed a relief road running parallel to the M62 to combat congestion around Manchester. The relief road would have been restricted for long distance traffic, and the current route, part of the Manchester Outer Ring Road (later the M60), used for local traffic. The proposal also suggested the closure of junction 13. The proposal was designated a "long term" improvement in 1994, and cancelled on 23 November 1995.[27]

In 2000, the section of the M62 between Eccles Interchange and Simister Interchange (junctions 12 to 18) was renamed to the M60.[28] Since then, two new junctions were opened—in December 2002, the previously missing junction 8 was opened to allow access to the A574 and the Omega Development Site,[29] while in January 2006, junction 32a was opened, to link the motorway with the recently upgraded A1(M).[30] The UK's first car-sharing lane on a motorway was opened at junction 26 in 2008, allowing any eastbound traffic from the M606 with more than one occupant to use the lane.[31] The installation of managed motorways on the M62 will necessitate the closure of the car-sharing lane.

Features

Stott Hall Farm

Stott Hall Farm () is an 18th century farm on Windy Hill, situated between the two carriageways of the motorway between junctions 22 and 23.[21][32][33] The road forks around the farm for engineering reasons owing to the surrounding area's geology, though a local myth persists that the road had to be split because the owners refused to sell the land during its construction.[21] Due to its remoteness in the Pennines, the farm is often nicknamed the Little House on the Prairie, it is now known countrywide to lorry drivers using CB radio by this name and is even referred to as such by Sally Boazman, BBC Radio 2's traffic reporter. The farm is now separated from the motorway by crash barriers and a high fence to keep livestock in and drivers out, after some stranded motorists attempted to get aid when broken down.[21][34] The farm, which was occupied by Ken and Beth Wild at the time of the motorway's opening,[32] is now farmed by Paul Thorp.[21] It is one of the ten best-known sights from the motorway network[35] and one of the best-known sights in West Yorkshire.[34] The farm was used as a location for an early episode of ITV drama series Where the Heart Is and was the subject of a short documentary film.[36]

High traffic levels

The section between Halifax and Gildersome is one of the most congested roads in Britain,[37] and regularly slows to gridlock at junction 27.[38]

Annual average daily traffic flows of 100,000 cars were recorded east of the Pennines (junction 22) in 2006 and 78,000 cars west of the Pennines.[39] This was up from 90,000 and 70,000 respectively in 1999.[40] By way of comparison, the UK's busiest motorway, the M25 motorway, carried 144,000 cars between junctions 7 and 23 in 2006.[39]

Proposed developments

M62 J25 to J30 managed motorway

Prior to 2009 there were proposals in place to widen the M62 between junctions 25 and 28 to four lanes. In January 2009 the schemes were withdrawn and replaced by a wider project to install hard shoulder running and a managed motorway system between junctions 25 and 30.[41][42] Construction of managed motorways commenced in October 2011[43] with construction expected to take around two years.[44]

Impact upon culture

Doves named a song after the M62 on their 2002 album The Last Broadcast, which is stated to have been recorded "under the M62 flyover at Northenden", although the M62 is several miles to the north.[45][46]

Rugby league is a popular sport in Northern England—so much so that a 1994 survey revealed that sixty percent of people regularly attending rugby league matches lived in only four postal districts along the M62.[47] Only two teams in the Super League, Catalans Dragons in Perpignan, France and Harlequins Rugby League in London, play outside Northern England and thus the phrase "M62 corridor" is sometimes used as a synonym for rugby league's heartlands.[48]

Incidents

M62 coach bombing

Main article: M62 coach bombing

On 4 February 1974, a bomb was detonated on a coach containing off-duty army personnel and family members, between Chain Bar (junction 26) and Gildersome (junction 27), resulting in the deaths of 12 people and injuries in 38 other people. After the attack, the nearby Hartshead Moor service station was used as a makeshift hospital and base of investigation.[49] The Provisional Irish Republican Army were deemed responsible for the attacks.[49][50]

Selby rail crash

Main article: Selby rail crash

On 28 February 2001, at 06:13 GMT, Gary Hart, a sleep-deprived driver, swerved off the M62 onto the East Coast Main Line near Selby. While Hart was calling the emergency services, a GNER southbound train collided with Hart's Land Rover, and subsequently derailed into the path of an oncoming goods train. Ten people were killed, including the drivers of both trains, and a further 82 were injured.

Feeder M62 touring crew bus explosion

On 25 October 2008, at 06:00 GMT, Feeder, a British rock band, were travelling from Glasgow to Lincoln after having played a concert at the Glasgow Barrowlands the night before.[51] The band's crew bus, in transit with another bus carrying the band members, pulled over onto a hard shoulder, just after J22 Eastbound, after driver Colin Campbell of Silvergray Tour Busing spotted smoke and flames billowing out of the back of his vehicle. Campbell immediately woke up all 13 members of the crew and got them off the bus.[52] Two minutes later the bus caught alight, destroying all the personal items on board. Six fire crews from Elland and Halifax fought the blaze, which closed two lanes of the westbound carriageway between junctions 22, Ripponden and 23, Outlane, for two hours. The force of the fire, combined with strong winds from the moors, melted nearby steel lighting columns.

Route

In addition to passing Warrington, Manchester, Huddersfield, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds and Wakefield, the towns of Huyton, St Helens, Widnes, Bury, Rochdale, Dewsbury, Pontefract, Selby and Goole are designated as primary destinations along the road. The road is a terminus to two motorways: the M57 motorway near Prescot and the M18 motorway near Rawcliffe; and has four spur routes: the M602 motorway, which serves Manchester, the A627(M) motorway, which serves Oldham and Rochdale, the M606 motorway, which serves Bradford, and the M621 motorway, which serves Leeds. Despite Hull being listed as a primary destination,[53] the motorway downgrades near North Cave, 16 miles (26 km) west.[1][54]

The motorway starts on Queen's Drive, on Liverpool's middle ring road. From there it runs eastward to Liverpool's outer ring road, the M57. The route has four exits for Warrington: junction 7, an interchange with the A57 road, junction 8, which also houses IKEA,[55] Junction 9, which interchanges with the A49 road, originally intended to be a motorway itself,[56] and junction 11. Between these is junction 10, which is a cloverstack interchange with the M6 motorway. The M62 then crosses Chat Moss before interchanging with the M60 motorway.[57] Due to original plans being to extend the section of the motorway into Manchester, motorists must turn off to stay on (TOTSO) the route into Yorkshire.

In Greater Manchester, the motorway shares seven junctions, 12 to 18, with the M60 motorway. Junction 13, which is signposted for Swinton, is situated only 1⁄2 miles (0.80 km) from junction 12, leaving exiting motorists the hazard of crossing the still-merging M62 traffic.[58] After this, there is Worsley Braided Interchange, which, in addition to serving junctions 14 and 15, also serves junctions 1 to 3 of the M61 motorway, which terminates to Preston.

Near junction 22, the motorway gains a lane to climb Windy Hill,[57] before crossing the border into Yorkshire and interchanging with the rural A672 road, reaching the highest point of any motorway in England 1,221 feet (372 m).[7] There is then a 7-mile (11 km) travel through the Pennines to the next junction, passing Scammonden Water and Stott Hall Farm. The next junction is 23, which is accessible only for westbound traffic. After this, the road dips through a valley to junction 24[59] and drops slowly before interchanging with the A644 road at junction 25.[60] Between junctions 22 and 25, the road is used as a border between the metropolitan boroughs of Calderdale and Kirklees.[61]

At junction 26, Chain Bar, the motorway interchanges with several roads: the M606 motorway, a spur into Bradford, the A58 road, which runs between Prescot and Wetherby, and the A638 road, which runs to Doncaster, then follows the old route of the A1 through Bawtry and Retford, to Markham Moor where it rejoins the A1. The next junction also serves a spur route: the M621 motorway, before bypassing Leeds to the south to the interchange with the M1 motorway, Lofthouse Interchange, at junction 29. East of Leeds, the motorway serves Wakefield at junction 30 and crosses by the River Calder. At junction 32a, the road is crossed by the A1(M) motorway, which also runs parallel to it for a short distance. The next junction serves the A162 road, previously the A1, and Ferrybridge service station. After Ferrybridge, the motorway becomes relatively flat, except for a 1-mile (1.6 km) bridge that crosses the River Ouse. For approximately 10 miles (16 km) after this, the road runs towards Hull, serving Howden and North Cave, before downgrading to the A63 road.

Junctions

Data from driver location signs are used to provide distance and carriageway identifier information.[62][63]

M62 motorway
Mile km Eastbound carriageway Junction Westbound carriageway
A5080 from Liverpool becomes M62
No access [coord 1] Start of motorway
A5080: Huyton, Knotty Ash 5 A5080: Huyton
7.9 12.7 A5300: Liverpool John Lennon Airport
A5080: Huyton
M57: Southport		 6 M57: Prescot
A5300: Runcorn
10.2 16.5 A57: Prescot
A570: St. Helens
A557: Widnes		 7 A57: Prescot
A570: St. Helens
A557: Widnes
14.5 23.3 (A574): Warrington (West), Burtonwood,
Burtonwood services		 8
Services		 (A574): Warrington (West), Burtonwood,
Burtonwood services
16.6 26.7 A49: Warrington (Central), Newton 9 A49: Warrington (Central), Newton
18.1 29.1 M6: Birmingham, Preston, Chester 10
[coord 2]		 M6: Preston, Birmingham, Manchester Airport
20.7 33.4 A574: Warrington (East), Birchwood 11 A574: Warrington (East), Birchwood
26.9 43.3 M62 leaves concurrency with M60 12
[coord 3]		 M60: Ring Road, Bolton, Bury, Leeds
M602: Salford, Manchester
Motorway is signposted as the M60 from junctions 12 to 18 (see original route)
35.1 56.5 M60: Ring Road
M66: Bury, Blackburn		 18
[coord 4]		 M62 leaves concurrency with M60
37.8 60.9 Birch services Services Birch services
40.1 64.5 A6046: Heywood, Middleton 19 A6046: Middleton, Heywood
42.5 68.4 A627(M): Rochdale, Oldham 20 A627(M): Rochdale, Oldham, Ashton
46.9 75.5 A640: Milnrow, Shaw 21 A640: Milnrow, Shaw
46.8 75.4 A672: Saddleworth 22 A672: Ripponden, Sowerby Bridge
54.0 86.9 No access 23 A640: Huddersfield
55.5 89.4 A629: Huddersfield, Halifax 24 A629: Huddersfield, Halifax
59.1 95.2 A644: Brighouse, Halifax 25 A644: Brighouse, Mirfield, Dewsbury
60.6 97.7 Hartshead Moor services Services Hartshead Moor services
62.5 100.7 M606: Bradford
A58: Halifax		 26
[coord 5]		 M606: Bradford
A638: Cleckheaton
66.5 107.1 M621: Leeds
A62: Bradford		 27 M621: Leeds
A62: Batley
A650: Morley
69.7 112.2 A653: Leeds, Dewsbury, Leeds Bradford International Airport 28 A653: Leeds, Dewsbury
72.3 116.5 M1: London, Leeds, Wakefield 29
[coord 6]		 M1: London, Wakefield, The North
A642: Rothwell, Wakefield 30 A642: Rothwell, Wakefield
77.7 125.2 A655: Normanton, Castleford 31 A655: Normanton, Castleford
80.5 129.7 A639: Pontefract, Castleford 32 A639: Pontefract, Castleford
A1(M): The North, Wetherby 32A
[coord 7]		 A1(M): The North, Wetherby
The South, Doncaster
84.7 136.4 A162: The South, Doncaster (A1)
Pontefract
Ferrybridge services		 33
Services
[coord 8]		 A162: Knottingley
Ferrybridge services
A19: Selby, Doncaster 34 A19: Selby, Doncaster
M18: The South, Doncaster 35 M18: The South, Doncaster
A614: Goole 36 A614: Goole
A614: Howden 37 A614: Howden, Bridlington
Start of motorway 38
[coord 9]		 B1230: North Cave, Gilberdyke
Motorway becomes A63 and continues into Hull
     Motorway •      Primary road •      Secondary road
     Concurrency terminus •      Closed/Former •      Incomplete access •      Unopened

Coordinate list

  1. ^
    Western end of the M62 Motorway
  2. ^ : M6/M62 interchange
  3. ^ : Western end of M60/M62 concurrency
  4. ^ : Eastern end of M60/M62 concurrency
  5. ^ : M62/M606 interchange
  6. ^ : M62/M1 interchange
  7. ^ : M62/A1 interchange
  8. ^ : M62:J33 and Ferrybridge Services
  9. ^ : Eastern end of the M62 Motorway

References

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  63. ^ Driver Location Signs, Highway Agency Area 10 (map) - Highway Authority, 2009

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