| Lycoptera Temporal range: Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous |
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| L. davidi; top fish is 7.7cm long | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Superorder: | Osteoglossomorpha |
| Family: | Lycopteridae |
| Genus: | Lycoptera Müller, 1847 |
| Species | |
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See text |
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| Synonyms | |
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Lycoptera is a genus of fish that lived from the late Jurassic to Cretaceous periods in present-day China, Korea, Mongolia and Siberia. It is known from abundant fossils representing sixteen species, and is an important index fossil used to date geologic formations in China. Along with the fish Peipiaosteus, it has been considered a defining member of the Jehol Biota, a prehistoric ecosystem famous for its early birds and feathered dinosaurs, which flourished for 20 million years during the Early Cretaceous.[1]
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Lycoptera was a small, freshwater fish. Most species fed on plankton, and had numerous tiny teeth. A few species like L. gansuensis, L. muroii, and L. sinensis had larger teeth and probably fed on small insects and their larvae.[2]
Many specimens preserve minute details and impressions of soft tissues. Lycoptera was covered in tiny oval scales about 1.2 millimeters across, and overall resembled the Common minnow.[3]
Lycoptera fossils are commonly found in large groups, buried together quickly in fine lake sediments. This probably indicates that they were gregarious in life, congregating in shoals.[2]
Sixteen species of Lycoptera have been described, nine from the Jehol Group. The table below is based primarily on the valid species listed by Zhang and Jin in the 2008 book The Jehol Fossils.[2]
| Name | Author | Year | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lycoptera middendorffi | Müller | 1847 | Valid, type species | |
| Lycoptera macrorhyncha | (Eichwald) | (1868) | ||
| Lycoptera davidi | (Sauvage) | (1880) | Valid | |
| Lycoptera sinensis | Woodward | 1901 | Valid | |
| Lycoptera ferox | Grabau | 1923 | ||
| Lycoptera chosenensis | Makiyama | 1927 | ||
| Lycoptera kansuensis | Grabau | 1928 | ||
| Lycoptera woodwardi | Grabau | 1928 | ||
| Lycoptera jaholensis | Grabau | 1928 | ||
| Lycoptera fragilis | Hussakof | 1932 | Valid | |
| Lycoptera takunagai | Seito | 1936 | Valid | |
| Lycoptera muroii | (Takai) | (1943) | Valid | |
| Lycoptera longicephalus | Liu et al. | 1962 | Valid | |
| Lycoptera lunteensis | Liu et al. | 1962 | ||
| Lycoptera polyspondylus | Liu et al. | 1962 | ||
| Lycoptera tungi | Liu et al. | 1962 | ||
| Lycoptera wangi | ||||
| Lycoptera sankeyushuensis | (Ma & Sun) | (1988) | Valid | |
| Lycoptera fuxinensis | Zhang | 2002 | Valid |