| Lupao | |||
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| — Municipality — | |||
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| Map of Nueva Ecija showing the location of Lupao. | |||
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Lupao
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| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Philippines | ||
| Region | Central Luzon (Region III) | ||
| Province | Nueva Ecija | ||
| District | 2nd District | ||
| Founded | |||
| Barangays | 24 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Richard M. Ramos | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 121.33 km2 (46.8 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2007) | |||
| • Total | 36,832 | ||
| • Density | 303.6/km2 (786.2/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | PST (UTC+8) | ||
| ZIP code | 3122 | ||
| Income class | 4th Class | ||
| Website | lupao.gov.ph | ||
| Population Census of Lupao | |||
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| Census | Pop. | Rate | |
| 1995 | 29,996 |
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| 2000 | 34,190 | 2.85% | |
| 2007 | 36,832 | 1.03% | |
Lupao is a 4th class municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 36,832 people in 6,361 households.
The town is derived from the Ilocano word “lupa”, the name of an itchy plant found in great abundance within the town and its outskirts at the time of the town’s foundation in 1913. It is situated in Nueva Ecija, Region 3, Philippines, its geographical coordinates are 15° 52' 37" North, 120° 53' 57" East.
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During the Spanish rule, the territorial jurisdiction of the province of Nueva Ecija extended to as far south at Cabiao and the towns of San Quintin, Rosales, Balungao and (H)umingan in the north, which later on formed part of the province of Pangasinan. Lupao was a component barrio of Umingan. It remained so until 1871 when some residents led by a Señor Calderon petitioned the Governor General for the segregation of Lupao as a barrio of Umingan and the eventual creation of Lupao as “Tenencia Absoluta” to be headed by a Teniente Absoluto. On September 28, 1871, the Govierno Superior Civil de Filipinas decreed the creation of Lupao as Tenencia Absoluta. It signified the formal segregation as barrio and the eventual creation as “pueblo” of the province of Nueva Ecija. Under the Spanish rule, a pueblo is created through the Laws of the Indies and represented a local government unit. The pueblo was an agency of the Central Government.
Salvacion was the first barrio of Lupao. Its initial territory also included Barrio Cabaritan now known as San Jose City. Barangay San Roque was known as Odiao and San Isidro as Macaniaoed. Among the first leaders of the municipality during the twilight years of Spanish Rule were Benito Romualdo as “Capitan Municipal” and Celestino Jabalde as ‘Juez de Paz”.
In 1898, soon after the Treaty of Paris (1898) was signed and the payment of 20 million pesetas for the possession of the Philippines, the United States Military Government (USMG) issued General Order No. 43 proclaiming the establishment of municipal governments. The Second Philippine Commission (the Taft Commission) acting as the upper house of a bicameral legislature then issued Act No.82 in 1901, “The 1901 municipal code” provided for popularly elected presidents (mayor), vice presidents (vice-mayor), and councillors to serve on municipal boards.
It was only in 1913 that Lupao became a town mainly through the concerted efforts of Gen. Manuel Tinio and Former Assemblyman Isauro Gabaldon of the Philippine Assembly (lower house). Its founding fathers were Victoriano Joanino, Calixto Laureta, Felix Carpio, Juan Briones, Anacleto Ganareal, Luis Mamaligaa, Gregorio Babagay, Sicto Baclig, Remigio Blas Caoile and Candido Mata.
During the Second World War, Japanese Imperial forces was occupied and entering the invaded the towns of Lupao in 1942.
| Battle of Lupao | |||||||
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| Part of World War II | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| Philippine Commonwealth | Empire of Japan | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 70,000 Filipino troops 31,000 American troops |
50,000 Japanese troops | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 1,300 killed 7,000 wounded |
8,000 killed 21,000 wounded 17,000 captured |
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In 1945, the combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth military ground troops was liberated and re-invasion the towns at Lupao and defeats Japanese Imperial forces started the Battle of Lupao and ended World War II.
During the Philippine Revolution in 1896, Victoriano Joanino was described as a mason, an enemy of Spain and of the Friars. He was arrested and then sentenced to exile on December 9, 1896. Victoriano arrived in Guam on February 1897 and worked as a land clerk both for the Spanish and American government and returned to the Philippines in 1902. His other notable Guam co-exile were Apolinario Mabini (1901 to 1903) and Artemio Ricarte.
Residents in Lupao are called "Lupaoenian". Ilocano is widely spoken especially in the barrios. Population is predominantly Ilocano in origin, According to the 2007 census, Lupao had a population of 36,832 people, 80% Ilocano and 20% Tagalogs, Kapampangans and Pangasinans. The world war babies, veterans, baby boomers, teachers and farmers composed the majority of the population. Just like any other local municipality, the younger population would leave home to find work in major cities and abroad.
Lupao belongs to the first type of climate in the Philippines. This type of climate has two (2) pronounced seasons: dry from the month of November to April and Wet during the rest of the year. This type of climate is typically hot, humid and tropical and is generally affected by the neighboring topography and the prevalent wind direction that varies within the year.
Due to its history and cultural background, Lupaoenian cuisine is greatly influenced by the Ilocanos and Pangasinenses. Rice is a staple food. Bangus, bagoong and alamang from Dagupan. Tinapa or smoked fish is also a famous dish which was commonly made locally in Ubbog. Locals also love their vegetables such as diningdeng- a concoction of vegetables & fish sauce; and boiled kamote tops. Goat "kalding" is a common treat for all occasions. It is a common ingredient on dishes such as pinapaitan, kilawin & adobo. The locals are also fond of sweets like tinudok, espasol,puto, tambutambong, tupig, kalamay, ginataang bayabas and Ingkiwar. Exotic food such as "Tapang usa" or venison , "Baboy-ramo" or wild hog meat, Abu-os "ant egg" were predominantly catered from Namulandayan brought to city center until late 1980s, which probably extinct the local deers and hogs in the mountainside.
Lupao is subdivided into 24 barangays.
During a military operation against the New People's Army on February 10, 1987, seventeen civilians, including an elderly couple and several children, were killed in a cross fire between the NPA and the Alpha Company, 14th Infantry (Avengers) Battalion, of the Philippine Army. Second Lieutenant Edgar Dizon, the platoon leader of the government troops was also killed by sniper fire during the encounter. This became known as the infamous "Lupao Massacre."
On September 25, 2005, three NPA members were killed by elements of 71st Infantry Battalion during a hot pursuit operation against seven fully armed NPA in Barangay Cordero, Lupao, Nueva Ecija.
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