| Location | Portland, Oregon |
|---|---|
| Opening date | August 1, 1960[1] |
| Developer | Lloyd Family & Prudential Insurance[1] |
| Management | Glimcher Realty Trust |
| Owner | Glimcher Realty Trust |
| No. of stores and services | 200 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 6 |
| Total retail floor area | 1,472,000 ft²[2] |
| No. of floors | 3 |
| Website | Official Website |
Lloyd Center is a shopping mall in the Lloyd District of Portland, Oregon, United States, just northeast of downtown. It is owned by Glimcher Realty Trust and anchored by Macy's, Nordstrom, Sears, Marshalls and Ross. The mall features three floors of shopping with the third level serving mostly as professional office spaces, a food court, U.S. Education Corporation's Apollo College, and an indoor Regal Cinemas multiplex. Another Regal Cinemas multiplex is located across the street. The mall includes the Lloyd Center Ice Rink where Olympian Tonya Harding first learned to skate.[3]
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Ideas for Lloyd Center were conceived as early as 1923. The mall was named after southern Californian oil company executive Ralph B. Lloyd (1875–1953) who wished to build an area of self-sufficiency that included stores and residential locations. However, the mall wasn't built until 37 years later, due to major events such as World War II, the Great Depression,[1] and Portland's conservative anti-development attitude.[4]
The mall opened August 1, 1960 in a 100-store, open-air configuration. At the time it was the largest shopping center in the Pacific Northwest and claimed to be the largest in the country[4] and in the world. Actually, the Lakewood Center in Lakewood, California, and the Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York, were already bigger at that point in time. It is still considered by some to be the biggest in the state.[5] It was located very close to the downtown retail core and was the first major retail development to seriously challenge it, aimed almost exclusively at commuters utilizing Portland's then-growing freeway system, especially the adjacent Banfield Expressway.
The original anchor stores were Meier & Frank at the center, Lipman & Wolfe anchoring the west end, and J. C. Penney and Woolworth anchoring the east. Nordstrom initially opened as a disconnected store in 1963, before expanding into a full apparel store incrementally in the mall's west wing. Frederick & Nelson acquired and renamed Lipman's in 1979, only to close in 1986. Nordstrom reopened the former Lipman's space in 1987 as an expansion of its existing store, before building an entirely new store that opened in August 1990 extending the west wing. The former Nordstrom spaces were gutted and refitted as an extension of the mall, soon followed by renovation in 1991 which fully enclosed the mall and added a food court. JC Penney closed in 1999 and was replaced by Sears, while in 2006, Meier & Frank became Macy's.
The mall is well-connected to TriMet, the regional transit system. Buses stop outside and MAX light rail stops one block away at the Lloyd Center/Northeast 11th Avenue station. Crime in and around the park and light rail station are of concern to the mall management. (As these stops are in the Free Rail Zone and mall parking is free, the lots are often used illegally by commuters and visitors going towards Downtown Portland.)
Because of Lloyd Center's size and importance, it has played a significant role in the history of freedom of speech in the United States, especially with regard to the scope of free speech within private shopping centers. Lloyd Center was the defendant in the landmark cases of Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner, 407 U.S. 551 (1972), a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court involving First Amendment rights and private property, and Lloyd Corp. v. Whiffen, 307 Or. 674, 773 P.2d 1293 (1989), a decision of the Oregon Supreme Court.