List of woods

This is a list of woods, in particular those commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.

See also: woods (golf clubs), forest, and the list of forests.

1 Softwoods (conifers)
2 Hardwoods (angiosperms)
3 Hardwoods (monocotyledons)
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Softwoods (conifers)

Araucaria
- Hoop Pine (Aus.) Araucaria cunninghamii
- Parana Pine (Brazil) Araucaria angustifolia
- Pehuén or Chile Pine Araucaria araucana
Cedar (Cedrus); also applied to a number of woods from trees in the Cypress family mainly in North America, see Red Cedar, Whitecedar and Yellow-Cedar in Softwoods, and to woods from some relatives of the mahogany, see Spanish-cedar and Australian Red Cedar in Hardwoods.
Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
- Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
- Bald Cypress or Southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
- Hinoki Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
- Lawson's Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
- Mediterranean Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
European Yew (Taxus baccata)
Fir (Abies)
- Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
- Silver Fir (Abies alba)
- Noble Fir (Abies procera)
- Pacific Silver Fir (Abies amabilis)
Hemlock (Tsuga)
- Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
- Mountain Hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
- Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
Kaya (Torreya nucifera)
Larch (Larix)
- European Larch (Larix decidua)
- Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)
- Tamarack Larch or Tamarack (Larix laricina)
- Western Larch (Larix occidentalis)
Pine (Pinus; Many woods are incorrectly called "Pine". See Araucaria and Douglas-fir above)
- Corsican pine (Pinus nigra)
- Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)
- Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta subsp latifolia)
- Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)
- Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Red Pine (N.Am.) (Pinus resinosa)
- Scots Pine, Red pine (UK), Red deal (UK), Redwood (UK, obsolete) (Pinus sylvestris)
- White Pine in (N.Am.), Yellow or Weymouth pine (UK, obsolete)
  - Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
  - Western White Pine (Pinus monticola)
  - Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana)
- Southern Yellow pine (US)
  - Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  - Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)
  - Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
  - Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)
"Redcedar"
- Eastern Redcedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
- Western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
Rimu (New Zealand) (Dacrydium cupressinum)
Spruce (Picea)
- Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
- Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
- Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
- Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
- White Spruce (Picea glauca)
Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
"Whitecedar"
- Northern Whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis)
- Southern Whitecedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
"Yellow-cedar" (Nootka Cypress Callitropsis nootkatensis, formerly Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)

Hardwoods (angiosperms)

African Zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)
Afzelia or Doussie (Afzelia africana)
Agba or Tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
Alder (Alnus)
- Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
- Red alder (Alnus rubra)
Applewood or crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
Ash (Fraxinus)
- Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
- Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
- Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
- Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
- Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia) ^[1]
- Pumpkin ash (F. profunda) ^[1]
- White ash (Fraxinus americana)
Aspen (Populus)
- Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata)
- European aspen (Populus tremula)
- Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
Australian Red Cedar (Toona ciliata)
Ayan or Movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
Basswood
- American basswood (Tilia americana) ^[1]
- White basswood (T. heterophylla) ^[1]
Beech (Fagus)
- European Beech (Fagus sylvatica)
- American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Birch (Betula)
- American birches
  - Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
  - River birch (B. nigra)
  - Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
  - Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
  - Yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis syn Betula lutea) - most common birch wood sold in N.Am.
- European birches, also Baltic birch (N.Am.)
  - Silver birch (Betula pendula)
  - White Birch (Betula pubescens)
Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
Blackwood
- Australian Blackwood also Tasmanian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
- African Blackwood or Mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Bloodwood (Brosimum paraense)
Bocote (Cordia alliodora)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Boxwood or Box (Buxus sempervirens)
Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
Bubinga (Guibourtia)
Buckeye (Aesculus)
- Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
- Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
- Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava syn. Aesculus octandra)
Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
Carapa (or Andiroba, Carap, Crappo, Crabwood and Santa Maria) (Carapa guianensis) .
Catalpa (Catalpa)
Cherry (Prunus)
- Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
- Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
- "Brazilian Cherry" Not a Cherry See Jatoba below
Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
- Cape Chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
Cottonwood
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
- Plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii)
- Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
- Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
- Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
Ebony (Diospyros)
- Andaman marble-wood (India) (Diospyros kurzii)
- Ebène marbre (Mauritius, E. Africa) (Diospyros melanida)
- Gabon ebony, Black ebony, African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)
Elm
- American elm (Ulmus americana)
- English elm (Ulmus procera)
- Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
- Slippery or Red elm (Ulmus rubra)
- Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus)
- Lyptus
- Karri (W. Australia) (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
- Mahogany eucalyptus, (New South Wales) (Eucalyptus)
- Ironbark Eucalyptus sideroxylon
- Jarrah or West Australian eucalyptus (Eucalyptus marginata)
- Tasmanian oak or Mountain ash, (Eucalyptus regnans Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus delegatensis)
- River Red Gum
- Blue Gum Eucalyptus saligna
Goncalo Alves (Astronium spp.)
Greenheart (Guyana) (Chlorocardium rodiei)
Grenadilla (Mpingo) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Gum
- Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
- Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
- Redgum or Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
- Tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica)
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Hickory (Carya)
- Mockernut hickory (Carya alba)
- Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
- Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
- Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
- Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
Hornbeam (Carpinus species)
Hophornbeam, Eastern (Ostrya virginiana)
Ipê or Poui (Tabebuia)
Iroko (Milicia excelsa syn Chlorophora excelsa)
Ironwood refers to the wood of many tree species noted for the hardness of their wood. Trees commonly known as ironwoods include:
- Bangkirai, also known as Balau.
- Carpinus caroliniana — also known as American hornbeam
- Casuarina equisetifolia — Common Ironwood from Australia
- Choricbangarpia subargentea
- Copaifera spp.
- Eusideroxylon zwageri
- Guajacum officinale and Guajacum sanctum — Lignum vitae
- Hopea odorata
- Ipe also known as Brazilian Walnut.
- Krugiodendron ferreum — Black Ironwood
- Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
- Lyonothamnus lyonii (L. floribundus) — Catalina Ironwood
- Mesua ferrea — also known as Rose Chestnut or Ceylon Ironwood, from Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia
- Olea spp. — various olive trees
- Olneya tesota — Desert Ironwood
- Ostrya virginiana — Hop hornbeam
- Parrotia persica — Persian Ironwood
- Pau ferro;Caesalpinia; also known as Leopard tree: Common Ironwood from Brazil
- Tabebuia serratifolia — Yellow Lapacho
Jacaranda brasiliana
Jacarandá, Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra)
Jacareuba, Guanandi; names of Santamaria Calophyllum brasiliense
Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
Kingwood (wood) (Dalbergia cearensis)
Lacewood from the Sycamore (N.Am.) or Plane(UK) trees (Platanus species)

Laurel, California (Umbellularia californica)
Limba (Terminalia superba)
Lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum)
Locust
- Black locust or Yellow locust (Robinia pseudacacia)
- Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Mahogany

Maple (Acer)
- Hard Maple (N.Am.)
  - Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
  - Black maple (Acer nigrum)
- Soft Maple (N.Am.)
  - Manitoba maple (Acer negundo)
  - Red maple (Acer rubrum)
  - Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
- European Maples
  - Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
Meranti (Shorea spp.)
Merbau (Intsia bijuga)
Mpingo (Grenadilla) (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
Oak (Quercus)
- American White Oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
  - Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
  - White oak (Quercus alba)
  - Post oak (Quercus stellata)
  - Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
  - Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
  - Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
  - Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus or Q. Montana)
  - Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
  - Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
  - Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
- English oak, also French and Slavonian oak barrels (Quercus robur and sometimes Quercus petraea)
- Red oak includes wood from any of the following species of trees:
  - Red oak (Quercus rubra)
  - Black oak (Quercus velutina)
  - Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
  - Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
  - Water oak (Quercus nigra)
  - Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
  - Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana or Q. nuttallii)
- "Tasmanian oak"; Not an oak see Eucalyptus above
- Australian "Silky oak"; Not an oak see Silky Oak below
Obeche or Samba, Ayous, Arere, Wana, Abache (West Africa) (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
Okoumé or "Gaboon" (Aucoumea klaineana)
Olive (Olea europaea)
Oregon Myrtle or California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
Palisander (Dalbergia)
Pear (Pyrus communis)
Pernambuco is another name for Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
Pink Ivory (Berchemia Zeyheri)
Poplar (Populus; in N.Am., wood sold as poplar is usually Yellow-poplar — see below)
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Black poplar (Populus nigra)
- Hybrid poplar (Populus × canadensis)
- Yellow poplar or Tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Ramin
Redheart (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
Red cedar (Toona ciliata)
Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.)
Sal (Shorea robusta)
Sandalwood (Santalum)
Santamaria (Calophyllum brasiliense)
Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Southern Sassafras or Australian (Atherosperma moschatum)
Satinwood (Ceylon) (Chloroxylon swietenia)
Sheoak (Allocasuarina spp.)
Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta) - Sold as Lacewood in North America
Silver Wattle Acacia dealbata
Snakewood
Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
Tambotie (Spirostachys africana)
Teak (Tectona grandis)
Walnut (Juglans)
- Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
- Persian Walnut (Juglans regia)
- Brazilian walnut; Not a walnut see Ipe above.
Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
- Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
Willow (Salix)
- Black willow (Salix nigra)
- Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Coerulea')
- White willow (Salix alba)

Hardwoods (monocotyledons)

Bamboo (a number of species in Tribe: Bambuseae)
Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera) is 'new' wood source that is increasingly being used as an ecologically-sound alternative to endangered hardwoods.

- siluvos wood

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robert Summit, Alan Sliker. 1980. "Handbook of Materials Science, Volume IV: Wood". Florida: CRC Press, Inc.

External links

Woodworking

Introduction

Forms

List of woods

Softwood	Cedar Pine Spruce

Hardwood	Aspen Birch Cherry Elm Hazel Mahogany Maple Oak Teak

Tools

Saws	Coping saw Fretsaw Jigsaw Miter saw Veneer saw

Other	Abrasives Chisel Drawknife Drill Mallet Mitre box Plane Rasp Sandpaper Vise Workbench

Geometry

Joints	Birdsmouth Bridle Butt Crown of Thorns Dados Dovetail Finger Groove Hammer-headed tenon Lap Mason's mitre Miter Mortise and tenon Scarf Splice Tongue and groove

Other	Bevels Chamfers Ogee Ogive

Treatments

Woodworkers

Organizations

Category: Woodworking

List of woods

Contents

Softwoods (conifers)

Hardwoods (angiosperms)

Hardwoods (monocotyledons)

See also

References

External links