The following heads of government or heads of state formally suspended provisions of the country's constitution while in office.
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| Name | Country | Year | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Henry George Grey, 3rd Earl Grey | New Zealand | ||
| Miguel Primo de Rivera | Spain | 1923 | |
| Alexander I of Yugoslavia | Kingdom of Yugoslavia | 1929 | |
| Joseph Arthur Ankrah | Ghana | 1966 | |
| Jean-Bédel Bokassa | Central African Republic | 1966 | |
| Milton Obote | Uganda | 1966 | |
| Leabua Jonathan | Lesotho | 1970 | |
| Park Chung Hee | South Korea | 1971 | |
| Ferdinand Marcos | Philippines | 1972 | Marcos claimed of an attempted Communist takeover of the government which he was compelled to suspend the 1935 Philippine Constitution and placed the Philippines under Martial Law. |
| Augusto Pinochet | Chile | 1973 | |
| Sobhuza II | Swaziland | 1973 | |
| Juan María Bordaberry | Uruguay | 1973 | |
| Seyni Kountché | Niger | 1974 | |
| Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq | Pakistan | 1977 | |
| France-Albert René | Seychelles | 1977 | |
| Mustafa Ould Salek | Mauritania | 1978 | |
| Maurice Bishop | Grenada | 1979–1983 | The Constitution was suspended following the bloodless ouster of former Prime Minister Gairy, yet simultaneously some rights protections were enacted under The People's Laws 1979. The declared plans for a Constitutional referendum were not carried out prior to Bishop's 1983 assassination.[1] |
| Saye Zerbo | Upper Volta | 1980 | |
| Jerry Rawlings | Ghana | 1981 | |
| Hossain Mohammad Ershad | Bangladesh | 1982 | |
| Efraín Ríos Montt | Guatemala | 1982 | |
| Lansana Conté | Guinea | 1984 | |
| Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab | Sudan | 1985 | |
| Sitiveni Rabuka | Fiji | 1987 | |
| Pierre Buyoya | Burundi | 1987 | |
| Saw Maung | Burma | 1988 | |
| Henri Namphy | Haiti | 1988 | |
| Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir | Sudan | 1989 | |
| Idriss Déby | Chad | 1990 | |
| Amadou Toumani Touré | Mali | 1991 | |
| Jorge Serrano Elías | Guatemala | 1993 | |
| Yahya Jammeh | Gambia | 1994 | |
| Johnny Paul Koroma | Sierra Leone | 1997 | |
| Denis Sassou-Nguesso | Republic of the Congo | 1997–2002 | According to the United States State Department: "[T]he Sassou regime [...] announced that a constitutional convention would finalize a draft Constitution. However, the eruption in late 1998 of fighting between Sassou's government forces and a pro-Lissouba and pro-Kolelas armed opposition disrupted the transition to democracy. [...] A new Constitution was [...] approved by the people of Congo in a national referendum in January 2002." [2] |
| Pervez Musharraf | Pakistan | 1999, 2007 | |
| Frank Bainimarama | Fiji | 2000 | |
| Pedro Carmona | Venezuela | 2002 | See Venezuelan coup attempt of 2002. |
| Gyanendra | Nepal | 2005 | |
| Sonthi Boonyaratglin | Thailand | 2006 | |
| Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (headed by Mohamed Hussein Tantawi) | Egypt | 2011 | During the Egyptian Revolution of 2011[3] |
| Name | Country | Year | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi Germany | 1933–1945 | See Enabling Act of 1933. |
| Omar Ali Saifuddin | Brunei | 1962 | |
| Idi Amin | Uganda | 1971 | |
| Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | Bangladesh | 1975 | Declared himself president for life. |
| Indira Gandhi | India | 1975–1977 | See Indian Emergency Disputed - This was done per provision(s) of the constitution, but the reasoning provided has been challenged as being dubious. |
| Alberto Fujimori | Peru | 1992–1993 | Fujimori declared that "those parts of the Constitution that were not compatible with the reorganization of the central government" were suspended.[4] |
| Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir | Sudan | 1999 |