List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 321.312
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.312 under that system. These instruments may be known as spike box lutes or spike guitars.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments)
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- 32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
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- 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table
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-
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- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
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- 321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator (spike lutes)
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-
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- 321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood (spike box lutes, spike guitars)
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
| Instrument |
Tradition |
Complete classification |
Description |
banjo[1][2]
|
African American |
321.312-5 |
Four or five stringed instrument, plucked with a bare thumb and a forefinger covered by a metal thimble, traditionally with four or five strings, |
gimbri
guinbri, guimbri, gimbri, ginibri |
Gnawa music |
321.312 |
Rectangular box lute with leather tuning rings |
gusle[3][4][5]
|
Serbia, Montenegro and elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia |
321.312 |
Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg
|
kemenche[6][7]
|
The Black Sea area |
321.312 |
Spike lute |
rubab[6][7]
rabab |
Afghanistan and neighboring areas |
321.312-6 |
Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings |
sanshin[8]
|
Ryukyus of Japan |
321.312-6 |
Three stringed banjo-like instrument, covered with snakeskin |
References
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal (Galpin Society) 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
Notes
- ^ Hill, Errol; James Vernon Hatch (2003). A History of African American Theatre. Don B. Wilmeth. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521624436.
- ^ Bailey, Jay (January - March 1972). "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo". Journal of American Folklore (American Folklore Society) 85 (335): 58–65. doi:10.2307/539129. JSTOR 539129.
- ^ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (pdf). June 1, 2006. pp. 4. http://www.hf.uio.no/ilos/forskning/forskningsprosjekter/spinning/resources/Project_outline.pdf. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. http://www.visit-montenegro.com/montenegro-music.htm. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Lord, Albert B. (1936). "Homer and Huso I: The Singer's Rests in Greek and Southslavic Heroic Song". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association (The Johns Hopkins University Press) 67: 106–113. doi:10.2307/283230. JSTOR 283230.
- ^ a b Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360.
- ^ a b ARC music; Peter McClelland. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. http://www.hobgoblin-usa.com/info/glossary.htm. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Tokita, Alison McQueen; David Hughes. "Context and Change in Japanese Music" (pdf). https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/187/1/ARC_to_Jap_Music_-_Ch1_%5BOct_28_proofs%5D.pdf. Retrieved December 17, 2007.