List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 321.21
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.21 under that system. These instruments may be known as bowl lyres.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments)
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- 32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
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- 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table
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- 321.2: Instruments in which the string is attached to a yoke that consists of a cross-bar and two arms, with the yoke laying in the same plane as the sound-table (yoke lutes, yoke lyres)
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- 321.21: Instruments in which the resonator is bowl-shaped, either carved or natural
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
List
| Instrument |
Tradition |
Complete classification |
Description |
endongo[1]
|
Baganda peoples of Uganda |
321.21 |
Bowl lyre made of lizardskin with strings tied to a piece of wood inserted into two holes on two arms |
lyra[2]
|
Crete |
321.21-71 |
Three-stringed fretted, pear-shaped instrument with a hollow body and a vaulted back, propped up on the knee |
lyre[3][4]
|
Greece, Ancient |
321.21-5 |
Stringed instrument, strummed with a plectrum, with the free hand silencing unwanted strings, traditionally made from a tortoise shell |
nyatiti[5][6][7]
|
Kenya |
321.21-5 |
3-foot-long (0.91 m) harp, plucked with both hands, made of wood and goat or antelope skin |
References
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal (Galpin Society) 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
Notes
- ^ Wachsmann, Klaus (1964). "The Migration of Musical Instruments: Human Migration and African Harps". Journal of the International Folk Music Council 16: 84–88. doi:10.2307/835087. JSTOR 835087.
- ^ Dawes, Kevin (October 2003). "Lyres and the body politic: studying musical instruments in the Cretan musical landscape". Popular Music and Society 26.3 (21): 263. "The island's "national" instrument, the lyra has become emblematic of the struggle that many Cretans experience in their attempt to retain a sense of a local identity."
- ^ "Review of Midiaeval Music: An Historical Sketch by Robert Charles Hope" (pdf). Saturday Review of Books and Art. New York Times. December 16, 1899. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9500E2D8173DE433A25755C1A9649D94689ED7CF. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Roberts, Helen (February 1981). "Reconstructing the Greek Tortoise-Shell Lyre". Archaeology and Musical Instruments 12 (3): 303–312. JSTOR 124242.
- ^ Nidel, Richard (2005). World Music: The Basics. Routledge. pp. 58. ISBN 0415968003. "Much of Kenya's music is derivative of other Afropop forms, most obviously Congolese, but the singing, high-pitched guitar work, use of the national instrument, the nyatiti (a seven-stringed harp), and bottle percussion give it a unique, identifiable sound."
- ^ Verjee, Zain (August 30, 1999). "Journey through a rhythm nation". Kenya. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/433896.stm. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
- ^ Radano, Ronald Michael; Philip Vilas Bohlman (2000). Music and the Racial Imagination. Houston A Baker, Jr. and Houston A. Baker. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226701999.