This is an incomplete list of former heads of regimes, like Presidents, Prime Ministers, Monarchs, who were sentenced to death by the succeeding regime following their removal from power.
| Names indexed by surnames | Countries | Dates born | Official positions | Dates died | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antonescu, Ion | Romania | 1882-06-15 | Prime Minister (1940-1944) | 1946-06-01 | Executed by firing squad |
| Bagryanov, Ivan Ivanov | Bulgaria | 1891 | Prime Minister (1944) | 1945 | Executed |
| Bayar, Celal | Turkey | 1883-05-16 | President (1950-1960), Prime Minister (1937-1939) | 1986-08-22 | Sentence commuted; released in 1964 |
| Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali | Pakistan | 1928-01-05 | President (1971-1973), Prime Minister (1973-1977) | 1979-04-04 | Executed by hanging |
| Bokassa, Jean-Bédel | Central African Republic | 1921-02-22 | Emperor (1976-1979), President (1966-1976) | 1996-11-03 | Sentence commuted; released in 1993 |
| Bozhilov, Dobri | Bulgaria | 1884-06-13 | Prime Minister (1943-1944) | 1945-02-01 | Executed |
| Ceauşescu, Nicolae | Romania | 1918-01-26 | President (1967-1989) | 1989-12-25 | Executed by firing squad |
| Charles I of England | England | 1600-11-19 | King (1625-1649) | 1649-01-30 | Executed by decapitation |
| Chen Gongbo | China (Wang Jingwei Government) | 1892 | President (1944-1945) | 1946 | Executed by firing squad |
| Chun Doo-hwan | Korea, South | 1931-01-18 | President (1980-1988) | Living | Sentence commuted; released in 1997 |
| Filov, Bogdan | Bulgaria | 1883-04-09 | Prime Minister (1940-1943) | 1945-02-02 | Executed |
| Hoveida, Amir-Abbas | Iran | 1919-02-18 | Prime Minister (1965-1977) | 1979-04-07 | Executed by firing squad |
| Liang Hongzhi | China, Reformed Government of the Republic of | 1882 | Chairman (1938-1940) | 1946-11 | Executed by firing squad |
| Louis XVI of France | France | 1754-08-23 | King (1774-1792) | 1793-01-21 | Executed by decapitation (guillotine) |
| Macías Nguema, Francisco | Equatorial Guinea | 1924-01-01 | President (1968-1979) | 1979-09-29 | Executed |
| Mary, Queen of Scots | Scotland | 1542-12-08 | Queen of Scotland (1542-1567) | 1587-02-08 | Beheaded by order of her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England, to prevent her inheriting the English throne. |
| Massemba-Débat, Alphonse | Congo, Republic of the | 1921 | President (1963-1968), Prime Minister (1963) | 1977-03-25 | Executed |
| Menderes, Adnan | Turkey | 1899 | Prime Minister (1950-1960) | 1961-09-17 | Executed by hanging |
| Mengistu Haile Mariam | Ethiopia | 1937 or 1941 | Head of State (1977-1987), President (1987-1991) | Living | in absentia |
| Mussolini, Benito | Italy | 1883-07-29 | Prime Minister (1922-1943) | 1945-04-28 | Executed by firing squad |
| Nagy, Imre | Hungary | 1896-06-07 | Prime Minister (1953-1955, 1956) | 1958-06-16 | Executed by hanging |
| Najibullah, Mohammad | Afghanistan | 1947 | President (1987-1992) | 1996-09-27 | Executed by hanging |
| Nicholas II of Russia | Russian Empire | 1868-05-18[1] | Emperor (1894-1917) | 1918-07-17[2] | Executed |
| Pétain, Philippe | France, Vichy | 1856-04-24 | Head of State (1940-1944) | 1951-07-23 | Sentence commuted to life imprisonment |
| Quisling, Vidkun | Norway | 1887-07-18 | Minister President (1942-1945) | 1945-10-24 | Executed by firing squad |
| Saddam Hussein | Iraq | 1937-04-28 | President (1979-2003) | 2006-12-30 | Executed by hanging |
| Tojo, Hideki | Japan | 1884-12-30 | Prime Minister (1941-1944) | 1948-12-23 | Executed by hanging |
| Traoré, Moussa | Mali | 1936-09-25 | President (1968-1991) | Living | Sentence commuted; released in 2002 |
| Zinsou, Émile | Dahomey (now Benin) | 1918-03-23 | President (1968-1969) | Living | in absentia |