List of ecoregions in Brazil

The following is a list of ecoregions in Brazil, as defined by the WWF:

Contents 1 Terrestrial ecoregions 1.1 by major habitat type 1.1.1 Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests 1.1.2 Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests 1.1.3 Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands 1.1.4 Flooded grasslands and savannas 1.1.5 Deserts and xeric shrublands 1.1.6 Mangrove 1.2 by bioregion 1.2.1 Amazonia bioregion 1.2.1.1 Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests 1.2.1.2 Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests 1.2.1.3 Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands 1.2.2 Eastern South America 1.2.2.1 Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests 1.2.2.2 Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests 1.2.2.3 Flooded grasslands and savannas 1.2.2.4 Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands 1.2.2.5 Deserts and xeric shrublands 1.2.3 Orinoco bioregion 1.2.3.1 Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests 1.2.4 Mangroves 1.2.4.1 Amazon-Orinoco-Maranhao 1.2.4.2 Northeast Brazil 1.2.4.3 Southeast Brazil 2 Freshwater ecoregions 2.1 by freshwater complex 2.1.1 Guiana/Orinoco Complex 2.1.2 Amazon Complex 2.1.3 Northeast Atlantic Complex 2.1.4 Mata-Atlantica Complex 2.1.5 São Francisco Complex 2.1.6 Upper Parana Complex 2.1.7 Beni Complex 2.1.8 Paraguay-Parana Complex 2.1.9 Southern Atlantic Complex 3 Marine ecoregions 3.1 Tropical Atlantic 3.1.1 North Brazil Shelf 3.1.2 Tropical Southwestern Atlantic 3.2 Temperate South America 3.2.1 Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic 4 References

Terrestrial ecoregions

by major habitat type

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Araucaria moist forests (Argentina, Brazil)
• Atlantic Coast restingas (Brazil)
• Bahia coastal forests (Brazil)
• Bahia interior forests (Brazil)
• Caatinga Enclaves moist forests (Brazil)
• Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests (Brazil)
• Guayanan highlands forests (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Guianan moist forests (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Gurupa varzea (Brazil)
• Iquitos varzea (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Juruá-Purus moist forests (Brazil)
• Madeira-Tapajós moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Marajó varzea (Brazil)
• Maranhão Babaçu forests (Brazil)
• Mato Grosso tropical dry forests (Brazil)
• Monte Alegre varzea (Brazil)
• Negro-Branco moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Northeastern Brazil restingas (Brazil)
• Parañá-Paraíba interior forests (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Pernambuco coastal forests (Brazil)
• Pernambuco interior forests (Brazil)
• Purus varzea (Brazil)
• Purus-Madeira moist forests (Brazil)
• Serra do Mar coastal forests (Brazil)
• Solimões-Japurá moist forest (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
• Southern Andean Yungas (Argentina, Brazil)
• Southwest Amazon moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Tapajós-Xingu moist forests (Brazil)
• Tepuis (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Tocantins-Araguaia-Maranhão moist forests (Brazil)
• Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname)
• Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Atlantic dry forests (Brazil)
• Chiquitano dry forests (Bolivia, Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Beni savanna (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Campos Rupestres montane savanna (Brazil)
• Cerrado (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Guyanan savanna (Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela)
• Humid Chaco (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Uruguayan savanna (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Pantanal (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Caatinga (Brazil)
• Saint Peter and Saint Paul rocks (Brazil)

Mangrove

• Amapá mangroves (Brazil)
• Bahia mangroves (Brazil)
• Ilha Grande mangroves (Brazil)
• Pará mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio Piranhas mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio São Francisco mangroves (Brazil)

by bioregion

Amazonia bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Caqueta moist forests (Brazil, Colombia)
• Guianan moist forests (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
• Gurupa varzea (Brazil)
• Iquitos varzea (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Juruá-Purus moist forests (Brazil)
• Madeira-Tapajós moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Marajó varzea (Brazil)
• Maranhão Babaçu forests (Brazil)
• Mato Grosso tropical dry forests (Brazil)
• Monte Alegre varzea (Brazil)
• Napo Moist Forests (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
• Negro-Branco moist forests (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Purus varzea (Brazil)
• Purus-Madeira moist forests (Brazil)
• Rio Negro campinarana (Brazil, Colombia)
• Solimões-Japurá moist forest (Brazil, Colombia, Peru)
• Southwest Amazon moist forests (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Tapajós-Xingu moist forests (Brazil)
• Tocantins-Araguaia-Maranhão moist forests (Brazil)
• Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname)
• Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Chiquitano dry forests (Bolivia, Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Beni savanna (Bolivia)
• Guyanan savanna (Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela)

Eastern South America

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Araucaria moist forests (Argentina, Brazil)
• Atlantic Coast restingas (Brazil)
• Bahia coastal forests (Brazil)
• Bahia interior forests (Brazil)
• Caatinga enclaves moist forests (Brazil)
• Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests (Brazil)
• Northeastern Brazil restingas (Brazil)
• Parañá-Paraíba interior forests (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Pernambuco coastal forests (Brazil)
• Pernambuco interior forests (Brazil)
• Serra do Mar coastal forests (Brazil)
• Trinidade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests (Brazil)

Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• Atlantic Dry Forests (Brazil)

Flooded grasslands and savannas

• Pantanal (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)

Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

• Campos Rupestres montane savanna (Brazil)
• Cerrado (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Humid Chaco (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay)

Deserts and xeric shrublands

• Caatinga (Brazil)
• Saint Peter and Saint Paul rocks (Brazil)

Orinoco bioregion

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

• Guayanan highlands forests (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)

Mangroves

by mangrove complex

Amazon-Orinoco-Maranhao

• Amapá mangroves (Brazil)
• Maranhão mangroves (Brazil)
• Pará mangroves (Brazil)

Northeast Brazil

• Bahia mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio Piranhas mangroves (Brazil)
• Rio São Francisco mangroves (Brazil)

Southeast Brazil

• Ilha Grande mangroves (Brazil)

Freshwater ecoregions

by freshwater complex

Guiana/Orinoco Complex

• Eastern Morichal (Venezuela)
• Orinoco Delta (Venezuela)
• Southern Orinoco (Venezuela)
• Guiana Watershed (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)

Amazon Complex

• Amazon Delta (Brazil)
• Amazon Main Channel (Brazil, Peru)
• Northern Amazon Shield Tributaries (Brazil)
• Rio Negro (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela)
• Upper Amazon Piedmont (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
• Western Amazon Lowlands (Bolivia, Brazil, Peru)
• Central Brazilian Shield Tributaries (Bolivia, Brazil)
• Tocantins-Araguaia (Brazil)

Northeast Atlantic Complex

• Maranhao (Brazil)

Mata-Atlantica Complex

• Northeast Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)
• East Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)
• Southeast Mata-Atlantica (Brazil)

São Francisco Complex

• Caatinga (Brazil)
• Cerrado (Brazil)

Upper Parana Complex

• Upper Parana (Brazil)

Beni Complex

• Beni (Bolivia)

Paraguay-Parana Complex

• Pantanal (Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay)
• Lower Parana (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)

Southern Atlantic Complex

• Jacui Highlands (Brazil, Uruguay)
• Lagoa dos Patos Coastal Plain (Brazil, Uruguay)

Marine ecoregions

by marine realm and marine province

Tropical Atlantic

North Brazil Shelf

• Guianian
• Amazonia

Tropical Southwestern Atlantic

• Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Islands
• Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas
• Northeastern Brazil
• Eastern Brazil
• Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands

Temperate South America

Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic

• Southeastern Brazil
• Rio Grande

References

• Dinerstein, Eric; David Olson; Douglas J. Graham; et al. (1995). A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank, Washington DC.
• Olson, D., Dinerstein, E., Canevari, P., Davidson, I., Castro, G., Morisset, V., Abell, R., and Toledo, E.; eds. (1998). Freshwater Biodiversity of Latin America and the Caribbean: A Conservation Assessment. Biodiversity Support Program, Washington DC.
• Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573-583.