List of device bit rates

This is a list of device bit rates, or physical layer information rates, net bit rates, useful bit rates, peak bit rates or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces of computer peripheral equipment and network devices can communicate over various kinds of buses and networks. The distinction can be arbitrary between a bus, which is inside a box and usually relies on many parallel wires, and a communications network cable, which is external, between boxes and rarely relies on more than four wires. Many device interfaces or protocols (e.g. SATA, USB, SCSI, PCI and a few variants of Ethernet) are used both inside many-device boxes, such as a PC, and one-device-boxes, such as a hard drive enclosure. Accordingly, this page lists both the internal ribbon and external communications cable standards together in one sortable table.

Contents

Factors limiting actual performance, criteria for real decisions

Most of the listed rates are theoretical maximum throughput measures; in practice, the actual effective throughput is almost inevitably lower in proportion to the load from other devices (network/bus contention), interframe gap, and other overhead in data link layer protocols etc. The maximum goodput—for example, the file transfer rate—may be even lower due to higher layer protocol overhead and data packet retransmissions caused by line noise or interference such as crosstalk, or lost packets in congested intermediate network nodes. All protocols lose something, and the more robust ones that deal resiliently with very many failure situations tend to lose more maximum throughput to get higher total long term rates.

Device interfaces where one bus transfers data via another will be limited to the throughput of the slowest interface, at best. For instance, SATA 6G controllers on one PCIe 5G channel will be limited to the 5G rate and have to employ more channels to get around this problem. Early implementations of new protocols very often have this kind of problem. The physical phenomena on which the device relies (such as spinning platters in a hard drive) will also impose limits; for instance, no spinning platter shipping in 2009 saturates SATA II (3 Gbit/s), so moving from this 3 Gbit/s interface to USB3 at 4.8 Gbit/s for one spinning drive will result in no increase in realized transfer rate.

Contention in a wireless or noisy spectrum, where the physical medium is entirely out of the control of those who specify the protocol, requires measures that also use up throughput. Wireless devices, BPL, and modems may produce a higher line rate or gross bit rate, due to error-correcting codes and other physical layer overhead. It is extremely common for throughput to be far less than half of theoretical maximum, though the more recent technologies (notably BPL) employ preemptive spectrum analysis to avoid this and so have much more potential to reach actual gigabit rates in practice than prior modems.

Another factor reducing throughput is deliberate policy decisions made by Internet service providers that are made for contractual, risk management, aggregation saturation, or marketing reasons. Examples are rate limiting, bandwidth throttling, and the assignment of IP addresses to groups. These practices tend to minimize the throughput available to every user, but maximize the number of users that can be supported on one backbone.

Furthermore, chips are often not available in order to implement the fastest rates. AMD, for instance, does not support the 32-bit HyperTransport interface on any CPU it has shipped as of the end of 2009. Additionally, WiMax service providers in the US typically support only up to 4 Mbit/s as of the end of 2009.

Choosing service providers or interfaces based on theoretical maxima is unwise, especially for commercial needs. A good example is large scale data centers, which should be more concerned with price per port to support the interface, wattage and heat considerations, and total cost of the solution. Because some protocols such as SCSI and Ethernet now operate many orders of magnitude faster than when originally deployed, scalability of the interface is one major factor, as it prevents costly shifts to technologies that are not backward compatible. Underscoring this is the fact that these shifts often happen involuntarily or by surprise, especially when a vendor abandons support for a proprietary system.

Conventions

By convention, bus and network data rates are denoted either in bit/s (bits per second) or byte/s (bytes per second). In general, parallel interfaces are quoted in byte/s and serial in bit/s. The more commonly used is shown below in bold type.

On devices like modems, bytes may be more than 8 bits long because they may be individually padded out with additional start and stop bits; the figures below will reflect this. Where channels use line codes (such as Ethernet, Serial ATA and PCI Express), quoted rates are for the decoded signal.

The figures below are simplex data rates, which may conflict with the duplex rates vendors sometimes use in promotional materials. Where two values are listed, the first value is the downstream rate and the second value is the upstream rate.

All quoted figures are in metric decimal units, where:

Note that this goes against the traditional use of binary prefixes for memory size. These decimal prefixes have long been established in data communications. This occurred before 1998 when IEC and other organizations introduced new binary prefixes and attempted to standardize their use across all computing applications.

Bandwidths

The figures below are grouped by network or bus type, then sorted within each group from lowest to highest bandwidth; gray shading indicates a lack of known implementations.

TTY/Teletypewriter or telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD)

Technology Max. Rate (bit/s) Max. Rate (characters/s) Year
TTY (V.18) 45.4545 bit/s 6 characters/s[1]
TTY (V.18) 50 bit/s 6.6 characters/s
NTSC Line 21 Closed Captioning 1 kbit/s ~100 characters/s

Modems – narrow and broadband

The "bytes" column reflects the net data transfer rate after the protocol overhead has been removed.

Technology Rate (kbit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
Narrowband (POTS: 3.1 kHz channel) - - -
Morse code (skilled operator) &100000000000000560000000.056 kbit/s 4 cps (~40 wpm)[2] 1844
Modem 110 baud (symbols / second) (Bell 101) &100000000000001100000000.11 kbit/s &100000000000000800000000.010 kB/s (~10 cps)[3] 1956?
Modem 300 (300 baud) (Bell 103 or V.21) &100000000000003000000000.3 kbit/s &100000000000002400000000.03 kB/s (~30 cps)[3] 1962[4]
Modem 1200 (600 baud) (Bell 212A or V.22) &100000000000012000000001.2 kbit/s &100000000000009600000000.12 kB/s (~120 cps)[3] 1976
Modem 1200/75 (600 baud) (V.23) &100000000000012000000001.2/0.075 kbit/s &100000000000012000000000.12/0.0075 kB/s (~120 cps)[3]
Modem 2400 (600 baud) (V.22bis) &100000000000024000000002.4 kbit/s &100000000000019200000000.24 kB/s[3]
Modem 4800 (1600 baud) (V.27ter) &100000000000048000000004.8 kbit/s &100000000000038400000000.48 kB/s[3]
Modem 9600 (2400 baud) (V.32) &100000000000096000000009.6 kbit/s &100000000000076800000000.96 kB/s[3] 1989[4]
Modem 14.4 (2400 baud) (V.32bis) &1000000000001440000000014.4 kbit/s &100000000000112000000001.4 kB/s[3] 1991[4]
Modem 28.8 (3200 baud) (V.34-1994) &1000000000002880000000028.8 kbit/s &100000000000232000000002.9 kB/s[3] 1994
Modem 33.6 (3429 baud) (V.34-1996/98) &1000000000003360000000033.6 kbit/s &100000000000264000000003.3 kB/s[3] 1996[5]
Modem 56k (8000/3429 baud) (V.90) &1000000000005600000000056.0/33.6 kbit/s[6] &100000000000560000000005.6/3.3 kB/s 1998
Modem 56k (8000/8000 baud) (V.92) &1000000000005600100000056.0/48.0 kbit/s[6] &100000000000560010000005.6/4.8 kB/s 2001
Modem data compression (variable) (V.92/V.44) &1000000000005600300000056.0-320.0 kbit/s[6] &100000000000560030000005.6-32 kB/s
ISP-side text/image compression (variable) &1000000000005600300000056.0-1000.0 kbit/s &100000000000560030000005.6-100 kB/s
ISDN Basic Rate Interface (single/dual channel) &1000000000006400000000064/128 kbit/s[7] &100000000000640000000008/16 kB/s 1986[8]
IDSL (dual ISDN + 16 kbit/s data channels) &10000000000144000000000144 kbit/s &1000000000014400000000018 kB/s 2000[9]
Broadband (hundreds of kHz wide) - - -
HDSL ITU G.991.1 aka DS1 &100000000015440000000001,544 kbit/s &10000000001544000000000193 kB/s 1998[10]
MSDSL &100000000020000000000002,000 kbit/s &10000000002000000000000250 kB/s
SDSL &100000000023200000000002,320 kbit/s &10000000002320000000000290 kB/s
SHDSL ITU G.991.2 &100000000056900000000005,690 kbit/s &10000000005688000000000711 kB/s 2001
ADSL (G.Lite) &100000000020480000000002048/448 kbit/s &10000000002048000000000256/56 kB/s 1998
ADSL (G.DMT) &100000000081920000000008,192/1,024 kbit/s &100000000081920000000001,024/128 kB/s 1999
ADSL2 &1000000001228800000000012,288/1,440 kbit/s &100000000122880010000001,536/180 kB/s 2002
ADSL2+ &1000000002457600000000024,576/3,584 kbit/s &100000000245760000000003,072/448 kB/s 2003
DOCSIS v1.0[11] (Cable modem) &1000000003800000000000038,000/9,000 kbit/s &100000000380000000000004,750/1,125 kB/s 1997
DOCSIS v2.0[12] (Cable modem) &1000000003800000100000038,000/27,000 kbit/s &100000000380000010000004,750/3,375 kB/s 2001
DOCSIS v3.0[13] (Cable modem) &10000000160000000000000160,000/120,000 kbit/s &1000000016000000000000020,000/15,000 kB/s (~200,000,000 wpm) 2006
Uni-DSL &10000000200000000000000200,000 kbit/s &1000000020000000000000025,000 kB/s
VDSL ITU G.993.1 &1000000005200000000000052,000 kbit/s &100000000560000000000007,000 kB/s 2001
VDSL2 ITU G.993.2 &10000000100000000000000100,000 kbit/s &1000000010400000000000013,000 kB/s 2006
BPON (G.983) fiber optic service &10000000622000000000000622,000/155,000 kbit/s &1000000062200000000000077,700/19,300 kB/s 2005[14]
GPON (G.984) fiber optic service &100000024880000000000002,488,000/1,244,000 kbit/s &10000002488000000000000311,000/155,500 kB/s (~3 Billion+ wpm) 2008[15]

Mobile telephone interfaces

Technology Download Rate (bit/s) Upload Rate (bit/s) Download Rate (byte/s) Upload Rate (byte/s) Year
GSM CSD (2G) &1000000000001440000000014.4 kbit/s[16] &1000000000001440000000014.4 kbit/s &100000000000144000000001.8 kB/s &100000000000144000000001.8 kB/s
HSCSD &1000000000005760000000057.6 kbit/s 14.4 kbit/s &100000000000576000000005.4 kB/s 1.8 kB/s
GPRS (2.5G) &1000000000005760100000057.6 kbit/s 28.8 kbit/s &100000000000576010000007.2 kB/s 3.6 kB/s
WiDEN &10000000000100000000000100 kbit/s &10000000000100000000000100 kbit/s &1000000000010000000000012.5 kB/s &1000000000010000000000012.5 kB/s
CDMA2000 1xRTT &10000000000153000000000153 kbit/s &10000000000153000000000153 kbit/s &1000000000014400000000018 kB/s &1000000000014400000000018 kB/s
EDGE (2.75G) (type 1 MS) &10000000000236800000000236.8 kbit/s &10000000000236800000000236.8 kbit/s &1000000000023680000000029.6 kB/s &1000000000023680000000029.6 kB/s
UMTS 3G &10000000000384000000000384 kbit/s &10000000000384000000000384 kbit/s &1000000000038400000000048 kB/s &1000000000038400000000048 kB/s
EDGE (type 2 MS) &10000000000473600000000473.6 kbit/s &10000000000473600000000473.6 kbit/s &1000000000047360000000059.2 kB/s &1000000000047360000000059.2 kB/s
EDGE Evolution (type 1 MS) &100000000011840000000001,184 kbit/s 474 kbit/s &10000000001184000000000148 kB/s 59 kB/s
EDGE Evolution (type 2 MS) &100000000018940000000001,894 kbit/s 947 kbit/s &10000000001894000000000237 kB/s 118 kB/s
1xEV-DO Rev. 0 &100000000024570000000002,457 kbit/s 153 kbit/s &10000000002457000000000307.2 kB/s 19 kB/s
1xEV-DO Rev. A &100000000031000000000003.1 Mbit/s 1.8 Mbit/s &10000000003100000000000397 kB/s 230 kB/s
1xEV-DO Rev. B &1000000001470000000000014.7 Mbit/s 5.4 Mbit/s &100000000014700000000001,837 kB/s 675 kB/s
HSDPA/HSUPA (3.5G) &1000000001397600000000013.98 Mbit/s 5.760 Mbit/s &100000000210960000000001,706 kB/s 720 kB/s
4xEV-DO Enhancements (2X2 MIMO) &1000000003440000000000034.4 Mbit/s 12.4 Mbit/s &100000000344000000000004.3 MB/s 1.55 MB/s
HSPA+ (2X2 MIMO) &1000000004200000000000042 Mbit/s 11.5 Mbit/s &100000000420000000000005.25 MB/s 1.437 MB/s
15xEV-DO Rev. B &1000000007350000000000073.5 Mbit/s 27 Mbit/s &100000000735000000000009.2 MB/s 3.375 MB/s
4G (4X4 MIMO) &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s 6.250 MB/s
UMB (2X2 MIMO) &10000000140000000000000140 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s &1000000014000000000000017.5 MB/s 4.250 MB/s
LTE (2X2 MIMO) &10000000173000000000000173 Mbit/s 58 Mbit/s &1000000017300000000000021.625 MB/s 7.25 MB/s
UMB (4X4 MIMO) &10000000280000000000000280 Mbit/s 68 Mbit/s &1000000028000000000000035 MB/s 8.5 MB/s
EV-DO Rev. C &10000000280000001000000280 Mbit/s 75 Mbit/s &1000000028000000100000035 MB/s 9 MB/s
LTE (4X4 MIMO) &10000000326000000000000326 Mbit/s 86 Mbit/s &1000000032600000000000040.750 MB/s 10.750 MB/s

Wide area networks

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
DS0 &100000000000640000000000.064 Mbit/s &100000000000640000000000.008 MB/s
G.Lite (aka ADSL Lite) &100000000000015360000001.536/0.512 Mbit/s &100000000000015360000000.192/0.064 MB/s
DS1/T1 (and ISDN Primary Rate Interface) &100000000015440000000001.544 Mbit/s &100000000015360000000000.192 MB/s
E1 (and ISDN Primary Rate Interface) &100000000020480000000002.048 Mbit/s &100000000020480000000000.256 MB/s
G.SHDSL &100000000023040000000002.304 Mbit/s &100000000023040000000000.288 MB/s
LR-VDSL2 (4 to 5 km [long-]range) (symmetry optional) &100000000040000000000004 Mbit/s &100000000040960000000000.512 MB/s
SDSL[17] &100000000023200000000002.32 Mbit/s &100000000023200000000000.29 MB/s
T2 &100000000063120000000006.312 Mbit/s &100000000063120000000000.789 MB/s
ADSL[18] &100000000000080000000008.0/1.024 Mbit/s &100000000000080000000001.0/0.128 MB/s
E2 &100000000084480000000008.448 Mbit/s &100000000084480000000001.056 MB/s
ADSL2 &1000000000001200000000012/3.5 Mbit/s &100000000000120000000001.5/0.448 MB/s
Satellite Internet[19] &1000000000001600000000016/1 Mbit/s &100000000000160000000002.0/0.128 MB/s
ADSL2+ &1000000000002400000000024/3.5 Mbit/s &100000000000240000000003.0/0.448 MB/s
E3 &1000000003436800000000034.368 Mbit/s &100000000343680000000004.296 MB/s
DOCSIS v1.0 (Cable modem)[11] &1000000000003800000000038.0/10.0 Mbit/s &100000000000380000000004.75/1.25 MB/s
DOCSIS v2.0 (Cable modem)[12] &1000000000004000000000040/30 Mbit/s &100000000000400000000005.0/3.75 MB/s
DS3/T3 ('45 Meg') &1000000004473600000000044.736 Mbit/s &100000000447400000000005.5925 MB/s
STS-1/EC-1/OC-1/STM-0 &1000000005184000000000051.84 Mbit/s &100000000518400000000006.48 MB/s
VDSL (symmetry optional) &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
DOCSIS v3.0 (Cable modem)[13] &10000000000160000000000160/120 Mbit/s &1000000000016000000000020/15 MB/s
OC-3/STM-1 &10000000155520000000000155.52 Mbit/s &1000000015552000000000019.44 MB/s
VDSL2 (symmetry optional) &10000000250000000000000250 Mbit/s &1000000025000000000000031.25 MB/s
T4 &10000000274176000000000274.176 Mbit/s &1000000027417600000000034.272 MB/s
T5 &10000000400352000000000400.352 Mbit/s &1000000040035200000000050.044 MB/s
OC-9 &10000000466560000000000466.56 Mbit/s &1000000046656000000000058.32 MB/s
OC-12/STM-4 &10000000622080000000000622.08 Mbit/s &1000000062208000000000077.76 MB/s
OC-18 &10000000933120000000000933.12 Mbit/s &10000000933120000000000116.64 MB/s
OC-24 &100000012440000000000001.244 Gbit/s &10000001244000000000000155.5 MB/s
OC-36 &100000019000000000000001.900 Gbit/s &10000001900000000000000237.5 MB/s
OC-48/STM-16 &100000024880000000000002.488 Gbit/s &10000002488320000000000311.04 MB/s
OC-96 &100000049760000000000004.976 Gbit/s &10000004976640000000000622.08 MB/s
OC-192/STM-64 &100000099530000000000009.953 Gbit/s &100000099520000000000001.244 GB/s
10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN PHY &100000099530000000000009.953 Gbit/s &100000099520000000000001.244 GB/s
10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY &1000001000000000000000010.000 Gbit/s &100000100000000000000001.25 GB/s
OC-256 &1000001327100000000000013.271 Gbit/s &100000132720000000000001.659 GB/s
OC-768/STM-256 &1000003981300000000000039.813 Gbit/s &100000398080000000000004.976 GB/s
OC-1536/STM-512 &1000007962600000000000079.626 Gbit/s &100000796240000000000009.953 GB/s
OC-3072/STM-1024 &10000159252000000000000159.252 Gbit/s &1000015925600000000000019.907 GB/s

Local area networks

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
LocalTalk &10000000000230000000000230 kbit/s &1000000000023040000000028.8 kB/s
Econet &10000000000800000000000800 kbit/s &10000000000800000000000100 kB/s
Omninet &100000000010000000000001 Mbit/s &10000000001000000000000125 kB/s
PC-Network &100000000020000000000002 Mbit/s &10000000002000000000000250 kB/s
ARCNET (Standard) &100000000025000000000002.5 Mbit/s &10000000002500000000000312.5 kB/s
Token Ring (Original) &100000000040000000000004 Mbit/s &10000000004000000000000500 kB/s 1985
Ethernet (10BASE-X) &1000000001000000000000010 Mbit/s &100000000100000000000001.25 MB/s 1990
Token Ring (Later) &1000000001600000000000016 Mbit/s &100000000160000000000002 MB/s 1989
ARCnet Plus &1000000002000000000000020 Mbit/s &100000000200000000000002.5 MB/s
Token Ring IEEE 802.5t &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
Fast Ethernet (100BASE-X) &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s 1995
FDDI &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
MoCA 1.0[20] &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
MoCA 1.1[20] &10000000175000000000000175 Mbit/s &1000000017500000000000021.875 MB/s
FireWire (IEEE 1394) 400[21][22] &10000000400000000000000400 Mbit/s &1000000040000000000000050 MB/s 1995
HIPPI &10000000800000000000000800 Mbit/s &10000000800000000000000100 MB/s
Token Ring IEEE 802.5v &100000010000000000000001 Gbit/s &10000001000000000000000125 MB/s 2001
Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-X) &100000010000000000000001 Gbit/s &10000001000000000000000125 MB/s 1998
Reflective Memory or RFM2 (1.25 µs Latency) &100000020000000000000002 Gbit/s &10000001880000000000000235 MB/s 1970
Myrinet 2000 &100000020000000000000002 Gbit/s &10000002000000000000000250 MB/s
Infiniband SDR 1X[23] &100000020000000000000002 Gbit/s &10000002000000000000000250 MB/s
Quadrics QsNetI &100000036000000000000003.6 Gbit/s &10000003600000000000000450 MB/s
Infiniband DDR 1X[23] &100000040000000000000004 Gbit/s &10000004000000000000000500 MB/s
Infiniband QDR 1X[23] &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
Infiniband SDR 4X[23] &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
Quadrics QsNetII &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-X) &1000001000000000000000010 Gbit/s &100000100000000000000001.25 GB/s
Myri 10G &1000001000000000000000010 Gbit/s &100000100000000000000001.25 GB/s
Infiniband DDR 4X[23] &1000001600000000000000016 Gbit/s &100000160000000000000002 GB/s
Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) Dual Channel SCI, x8 PCIe &1000002000000000000000020 Gbit/s &100000200000000000000002.5 GB/s
Infiniband SDR 12X[23] &1000002400000000000000024 Gbit/s &100000240000000000000003 GB/s
Infiniband QDR 4X[23] &1000003200000000000000032 Gbit/s &100000320000000000000004 GB/s
40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GBASE-X) &1000004000000000000000040 Gbit/s &100000400000000000000005 GB/s
Infiniband DDR 12X[23] &1000004800000000000000048 Gbit/s &100000480000000000000006 GB/s
Infiniband QDR 12X[23] &1000009600000000000000096 Gbit/s &1000009600000000000000012 GB/s
100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GBASE-X) &10000100000000000000000100 Gbit/s &1000010000000000000000012.5 GB/s

Wireless networks

802.11 networks in infrastructure mode are half-duplex; all stations share the medium. In access point (infrastructure) mode, all traffic has to pass through the AP (Access Point). Thus, two stations on the same AP which are communicating with each other must have each and every frame transmitted twice: from the sender to the access point, then from the access point to the receiver. This approximately halves the effective bandwidth. In ad hoc mode devices communicate directly (like with a crossover cable) rather than to the network (like through a hub).

Standard Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
IEEE 802.11 2 Mbit/s 250 kB/s 1997
RONJA 10 Mbit/s 1.25 MB/s
IEEE 802.11b 11 Mbit/s 1.375 MB/s 1999
IEEE 802.11a 54 Mbit/s 6.75 MB/s 1999
IEEE 802.11g 54 Mbit/s 6.75 MB/s 2003
IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) 70 Mbit/s 8.75 MB/s 2004
IEEE 802.11g with Super G by Atheros 108 Mbit/s 13.5 MB/s 2003
IEEE 802.11g with 125 High Speed Mode by Broadcom 125 Mbit/s 15.625 MB/s 2003
IEEE 802.11g with Nitro by Conexant 140 Mbit/s 17.5 MB/s 2003
IEEE 802.11n 600 Mbit/s 75 MB/s 2009

Wireless personal area networks

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
IrDA-Control &1000000000007200000000072 kbit/s &100000000000720000000009 kB/s
IrDA-SIR &10000000000115200000000115.2 kbit/s &1000000000011200000000014 kB/s
802.15.4 (2.4 GHz) &10000000000250000000000250 kbit/s &1000000000025000000000031.25 kB/s
ANT &100000000010000000000001 Mbit/s &10000000001000000000000125 kB/s
Bluetooth 1.1 &100000000010000000000001 Mbit/s &10000000001000000000000125 kB/s 2002
Bluetooth 2.0+EDR &100000000030000000000003 Mbit/s &10000000003000000000000375 kB/s 2004
IrDA-FIR &100000000040000000000004 Mbit/s &10000000004000000000000500 kB/s
IrDA-VFIR &1000000001600000000000016 Mbit/s &100000000160000000000002 MB/s
Bluetooth 3.0 &1000000002400000000000024 Mbit/s &100000000240000000000003 MB/s 2009
IrDA-UFIR &1000000009600000000000096 Mbit/s &1000000009600000000000012 MB/s
WUSB-UWB &10000000480000000000000480 Mbit/s &1000000048000000000000060 MB/s
IrDA-Giga-IR &100000010240000000000001,024 Mbit/s &10000001024000000000000128 MB/s

Computer buses

Main buses

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
I2c &100000000034000000000003.4 Mbit/s &10000000003400000000000425 kB/s
Apple II series (incl. Apple IIGS) 8-bit/1 MHz &100000000080000000000008 Mbit/s &100000000080000000000001 MB/s,[24][25]
SS-50 Bus 8-bit/1(?) MHz &100000000080000000000008 Mbit/s &100000000080000000000001 MB/s
ISA 8-Bit/4.77 MHz &1000000003816000000000038.16 Mbit/s &100000000381600000000004.77 MB/s 1981
STD80 8-bit/8 MHz &1000000001600000000000016 Mbit/s &100000000160000000000002 MB/s
STD80 16-bit/8 MHz &1000000003200000000000032 Mbit/s &100000000320000000000004 MB/s
Zorro II 16-bit/7.14 MHz[26] &1000000004240000000000042.4 Mbit/s &100000000424000000000005.3 MB/s 1986
S-100 bus 8-bit/10 MHz &1000000008000000000000080 Mbit/s &1000000008000000000000010 MB/s
Low Pin Count &10000000133330000000000133.33 Mbit/s &1000000013336000000000016.67 MB/s
C-Bus 16-bit/10 MHz &10000000160000000000000160 Mbit/s &1000000016000000000000020 MB/s[27]
HP Precision Bus &10000000184000000000000184 Mbit/s &1000000018400000000000023 MB/s
EISA 8-16-32bit/8.33 MHz &10000000266560000000000266.56 Mbit/s &1000000026656000000000033.32 MB/s 1988
STD 32 32-bit/8 MHz &10000000256000000000000256 Mbit/s &1000000025600000000000032 MB/s[28]
NESA 32-bit/8 MHz &10000000256000000000000256 Mbit/s &1000000025600000000000032 MB/s[29]
VME64 32-64bit &10000000400000000000000400 Mbit/s &1000000032000000000000040 MB/s
NuBus 10 MHz &10000000400000000000000400 Mbit/s &1000000032000000000000040 MB/s
DEC TURBOchannel 32-bit/12.5 MHz &10000000400000000000000400 Mbit/s &1000000040000000000000050 MB/s
MCA 16-32bit/10 MHz &10000000660000000000000660 Mbit/s &1000000052800000000000066 MB/s 1987
NuBus90 20 MHz &10000000800000000000000800 Mbit/s &1000000064000000000000080 MB/s
APbus 32-bit/25(?) MHz &10000000800000000000000800 Mbit/s &10000000800000000000000100 MB/s[30]
Sbus 32-bit/25 MHz &10000000800000000000000800 Mbit/s &10000000800000000000000100 MB/s
DEC TURBOchannel 32-bit/25 MHz &10000000800000000000000800 Mbit/s &10000000800000000000000100 MB/s
Local Bus 98 32-bit/33 MHz &100000010560000000000001,056 Mbit/s &10000001056000000000000132 MB/s[31]
VESA Local Bus - VLB 32-bit/33 MHz &100000010670000000000001,067 Mbit/s &10000001066640000000000133.33 MB/s 1992
PCI 32-bit/33 MHz &100000010670000000000001,067 Mbit/s &10000001066640000000000133.33 MB/s 1993
HP GSC-1X &100000011360000000000001,136 Mbit/s &10000001136000000000000142 MB/s
Zorro III[32][33][34] 32-bit/37.5 MHz &100000012000000000000001,200 Mbit/s &10000001200000000000000150 MB/s 1990
VESA Local Bus - VLB 32-bit/40 MHz &100000012800000000000001,280 Mbit/s &10000001280000000000000160 MB/s 1992
Sbus 64-bit/25 MHz &100000016000000000000001.6 Gbit/s &10000001600000000000000200 MB/s
PCI Express 1.0 (x1 link)[35] &100000020000000000000002 Gbit/s &10000002000000000000000250 MB/s 2004
HP GSC-2X &100000020480000000000002.048 Gbit/s &10000002048000000000000256 MB/s
PCI 64-bit/33 MHz &100000021330000000000002.133 Gbit/s &10000002133600000000000266.7 MB/s 1993
PCI 32-bit/66 MHz &100000021330000000000002.133 Gbit/s &10000002133600000000000266.7 MB/s 1995
AGP 1x &100000021330000000000002.133 Gbit/s &10000002133600000000000266.7 MB/s 1997
HIO bus &100000025600000000000002.560 Gbit/s &10000002560000000000000320 MB/s
GIO64 64-bit/40 MHz &100000025600000000000002.560 Gbit/s &10000002560000000000000320 MB/s
PCI Express 1.0 (x2 link)[35] &100000040000000000000004 Gbit/s &10000004000000000000000500 MB/s
PCI Express 2.0 (x1 link)[36] &100000040000000000000004 Gbit/s &10000004000000000000000500 MB/s
AGP 2x &100000042660000000000004.266 Gbit/s &10000004266400000000000533.3 MB/s
PCI 64-bit/66 MHz &100000042660000000000004.266 Gbit/s &10000004266400000000000533.3 MB/s
PCI-X DDR 16-bit &100000042660000000000004.266 Gbit/s &10000004266400000000000533.3 MB/s
PCI 64-bit/100 MHz &100000063990000000000006.399 Gbit/s &10000006400000000000000800 MB/s
RapidIO (1 lane) &100000065000000000000006.5 Gbit/s &10000006500000000000000812.5 MB/s
Unified Media Interface (UMI) (x4 link) &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
Direct Media Interface (DMI) (x4 link) &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
Enterprise Southbridge Interface (ESI) &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
PCI Express 1.0 (x4 link) &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
AGP 4x &100000085330000000000008.533 Gbit/s &100000085360000000000001.067 GB/s
PCI-X 133 &100000085330000000000008.533 Gbit/s &100000085360000000000001.067 GB/s
PCI-X QDR 16-bit &100000085330000000000008.533 Gbit/s &100000085360000000000001.067 GB/s
InfiniBand single 4X[23] &100000080000000000000008 Gbit/s &100000080000000000000001 GB/s
UPA &1000001536000000000000015.360 Gbit/s &100000153600000000000001.920 GB/s
Unified Media Interface 2.0 (UMI 2.0) (x4 link) &1000001600000000000000016 Gbit/s &100000160000000000000002 GB/s
Direct Media Interface 2.0 (DMI 2.0) (x4 link) &1000001600000000000000016 Gbit/s &100000160000000000000002 GB/s
PCI Express 1.0 (x8 link)[35] &1000001600000000000000016 Gbit/s &100000160000000000000002 GB/s
PCI Express 2.0 (x4 link)[36] &1000001600000000000000016 Gbit/s &100000160000000000000002 GB/s
AGP 8x &1000001706600000000000017.066 Gbit/s &100000170640000000000002.133 GB/s
PCI-X DDR &1000001706600000000000017.066 Gbit/s &100000170640000000000002.133 GB/s
HyperTransport (800 MHz, 16-pair) &1000002560000000000000025.6 Gbit/s &100000256000000000000003.2 GB/s 2001
HyperTransport (1 GHz, 16-pair) &1000003200000000000000032 Gbit/s &100000320000000000000004 GB/s
PCI Express 1.0 (x16 link)[35] &1000003200000000000000032 Gbit/s &100000320000000000000004 GB/s
PCI Express 2.0 (x8 link)[36] &1000003200000000000000032 Gbit/s &100000320000000000000004 GB/s
PCI-X QDR &1000003413300000000000034.133 Gbit/s &100000341280000000000004.266 GB/s
AGP 8x 64-bit &1000003413300000000000034.133 Gbit/s &100000341280000000000004.266 GB/s
PCI Express 1.0 (x32 link)[35] &1000006400000000000000064 Gbit/s &100000640000000000000008 GB/s 2001
PCI Express 2.0 (x16 link)[36] &1000006400000000000000064 Gbit/s &100000640000000000000008 GB/s 2007
PCI Express 3.0 (x16 link)[37] &10000126030000000000000126.03 Gbit/s &1000012640000000000000015.8 GB/s 2011
PCI Express 2.0 (x32 link)[36] &10000128000000000000000128 Gbit/s &1000012800000000000000016 GB/s
QPI (4.80GT/s, 2.40 GHz) &10000153600000000000000153.6 Gbit/s &1000015360000000000000019.2 GB/s
HyperTransport 2.0 (1.4 GHz, 32-pair) &10000179200000000000000179.2 Gbit/s &1000017920000000000000022.4 GB/s 2004
QPI (5.86GT/s, 2.93 GHz) &10000187520000000000000187.52 Gbit/s &1000018752000000000000023.44 GB/s
QPI (6.40GT/s, 3.20 GHz) &10000204800000000000000204.8 Gbit/s &1000020480000000000000025.6 GB/s
PCI Express 3.0 (x32 link)[36] &10000252060000000000000252.06 Gbit/s &1000025200000000000000031.5 GB/s 2011
HyperTransport 3.0 (2.6 GHz, 32-pair) &10000332800000000000000332.8 Gbit/s &1000033280000000000000041.6 GB/s 2006
HyperTransport 3.1 (3.2 GHz, 32-pair) &10000409600000000000000409.6 Gbit/s &1000040960000000000000051.2 GB/s 2008

Portable

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
PC Card 16-bit 255ns Byte mode &1000000003136000000000031.36 Mbit/s &100000000313600000000003.92 MB/s
PC Card 16-bit 255ns Word mode &1000000006272000000000062.72 Mbit/s &100000000627200000000007.84 MB/s
PC Card 16-bit 100ns Byte mode &1000000008000000000000080 Mbit/s &1000000008000000000000010 MB/s
PC Card 16-bit 100ns Word mode &10000000160000000000000160 Mbit/s &1000000016000000000000020 MB/s
PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) Byte mode &10000000267000000000000267 Mbit/s &1000000026664000000000033.33 MB/s
ExpressCard 1.2 USB 2.0 mode &10000000480000000000000480 Mbit/s &1000000048000000000000060 MB/s
PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) Word mode &10000000533000000000000533 Mbit/s &1000000053328000000000066.66 MB/s
PC Card 32-bit (CardBus) DWord mode &100000010670000000000001,067 Mbit/s &10000001066640000000000133.33 MB/s
ExpressCard 1.2 PCI Express mode &100000025000000000000002,500 Mbit/s &10000002000000000000000250 MB/s
ExpressCard 2.0 USB 3.0 mode &100000048000000000000004,800 Mbit/s &10000004800000000000000600 MB/s
ExpressCard 2.0 PCI Express mode &100000050000000000000005,000 Mbit/s &10000005000000000000000625 MB/s

Storage

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
PC Floppy Disk Controller (1.2 MB / 1.44MB) &100000000005000000000000.5 Mbit/s &100000000004960000000000.062 MB/s
CD Controller (1x) &100000000011710000000001.171 Mbit/s &100000000011680000000000.146 MB/s
MFM &100000000050000000000005 Mbit/s &100000000050000000000000.625 MB/s
RLL &100000000075000000000007.5 Mbit/s &100000000074960000000000.937 MB/s
DVD Controller (1x) &1000000001110000000000011.1 Mbit/s &100000000105600000000001.32 MB/s
ESDI &1000000002400000000000024 Mbit/s &100000000240000000000003 MB/s
ATA PIO Mode 0 &1000000002640000000000026.4 Mbit/s &100000000264000000000003.3 MB/s
HD DVD Controller (1x) &1000000003600000000000036 Mbit/s &100000000360000000000004.5 MB/s
Blu-ray Controller (1x) &1000000003600000000000036 Mbit/s &100000000360000000000004.5 MB/s
SCSI (Narrow SCSI) (5 MHz)[38] &1000000004000000000000040 Mbit/s &100000000400000000000005 MB/s
ATA PIO Mode 1 &1000000004160000000000041.6 Mbit/s &100000000416000000000005.2 MB/s
ATA PIO Mode 2 &1000000006640000000000066.4 Mbit/s &100000000664000000000008.3 MB/s
Fast SCSI (8 bits/10 MHz) &1000000008000000000000080 Mbit/s &1000000008000000000000010 MB/s
ATA PIO Mode 3 &1000000008880000000000088.8 Mbit/s &1000000008880000000000011.1 MB/s
AoE over Fast Ethernet, per path &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
iSCSI over Fast Ethernet &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
ATA PIO Mode 4 &10000000133300000000000133.3 Mbit/s &1000000013360000000000016.7 MB/s
Fast Wide SCSI (16 bits/10 MHz) &10000000160000000000000160 Mbit/s &1000000016000000000000020 MB/s
Ultra SCSI (Fast-20 SCSI) (8 bits/20 MHz) &10000000160000000000000160 Mbit/s &1000000016000000000000020 MB/s
Ultra DMA ATA 33 &10000000264000000000000264 Mbit/s &1000000026400000000000033 MB/s
Ultra Wide SCSI (16 bits/20 MHz) &10000000320000000000000320 Mbit/s &1000000032000000000000040 MB/s
Ultra-2 SCSI 40 (Fast-40 SCSI) (8 bits/40 MHz) &10000000320000000000000320 Mbit/s &1000000032000000000000040 MB/s
Ultra DMA ATA 66 &10000000533600000000000533.6 Mbit/s &1000000053360000000000066.7 MB/s
Ultra-2 wide SCSI (16 bits/40 MHz) &10000000640000000000000640 Mbit/s &1000000064000000000000080 MB/s
Serial Storage Architecture SSA &10000000640000000000000640 Mbit/s &1000000064000000000000080 MB/s
Ultra DMA ATA 100 &10000000800000000000000800 Mbit/s &10000000800000000000000100 MB/s
Fibre Channel 1GFC (1.0625 GHz)[39] &10000000850000000000000850 Mbit/s &10000000850000000000000106.25 MB/s
AoE over Gigabit Ethernet, per path &100000010000000000000001,000 Mbit/s &10000001000000000000000125 MB/s
iSCSI over Gigabit Ethernet &100000010000000000000001,000 Mbit/s &10000001000000000000000125 MB/s
Ultra DMA ATA 133 &100000010640000000000001,064 Mbit/s &10000001064000000000000133 MB/s
Serial ATA (SATA-150)[40] &100000015000000000000001,500 Mbit/s &10000001500000000000000187.5 MB/s
Ultra-3 SCSI (Ultra 160 SCSI; Fast-80 Wide SCSI) (16 bits/40 MHz DDR) &100000012800000000000001,280 Mbit/s &10000001280000000000000160 MB/s
Fibre Channel 2GFC (2.125 GHz)[39] &100000017000000000000001,700 Mbit/s &10000001700000000000000212.5 MB/s
Serial ATA 2 (SATA-300)[40] &100000030000000000000003,000 Mbit/s &10000003000000000000000375 MB/s
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)[40] &100000024000000000000002,400 Mbit/s &10000002400000000000000300 MB/s
Ultra-320 SCSI (Ultra4 SCSI) (16 bits/80 MHz DDR) &100000025600000000000002,560 Mbit/s &10000002560000000000000320 MB/s
Fibre Channel 4GFC (4.25 GHz)[39] &100000034000000000000003,400 Mbit/s &10000003400000000000000425 MB/s
Serial ATA 3 (SATA-600)[40] &100000060000000000000006,000 Mbit/s &10000006000000000000000750 MB/s
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 2[40] &100000048000000000000004,800 Mbit/s &10000004800000000000000600 MB/s
Ultra-640 SCSI (16 bits/160 MHz DDR) &100000051200000000000005,120 Mbit/s &10000005120000000000000640 MB/s
Fibre Channel 8GFC (8.50 GHz)[39] &100000068000000000000006,800 Mbit/s &10000006800000000000000850 MB/s
AoE over 10GbE, per path &1000001000000000000000010,000 Mbit/s &100000100000000000000001,250 MB/s
iSCSI over 10GbE &1000001000000000000000010,000 Mbit/s &100000100000000000000001,250 MB/s
FCoE over 10GbE &1000001000000000000000010,000 Mbit/s &100000100000000000000001,250 MB/s
iSCSI over InfiniBand 4x &1000004000000000000000040,000 Mbit/s &100000400000000000000005,000 MB/s
iSCSI over 100G Ethernet (hypothetical) &10000100000000000000000100,000 Mbit/s &1000010000000000000000012,500 MB/s
FCoE over 100G Ethernet (hypothetical) &10000100000000000000000100,000 Mbit/s &1000010000000000000000012,500 MB/s

Peripheral

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
CBM Bus[41][42] &100000000000027000000002.7 kbit/s &100000000000027200000000.34 kB/s 1981
Apple Desktop Bus &1000000000001000000000010.0 kbit/s &100000000000100000000001.25 kB/s
Serial MIDI &1000000000003125000000031.25 kbit/s &100000000000312000000003.9 kB/s
Serial EIA-232 max. &10000000000230400000000230.4 kbit/s &1000000000023040000000028.8 kB/s
Serial DMX512A &10000000000250000000000250.0 kbit/s &1000000000025000000000031.25 kB/s
Parallel (Centronics) &100000000010000000000001 Mbit/s &10000000001000000000000125 kB/s
Serial 16550 UART max &100000000015000000000001.5 Mbit/s &10000000001500000000000187.5 kB/s
USB Low Speed &100000000015360000000001.536 Mbit/s &10000000001536000000000192 kB/s 1996
Serial UART max &100000000027648000000002.7648 Mbit/s &10000000002764800000000345.6 kB/s
GPIB/HPIB (IEEE-488.1) IEEE-488 max &100000000080000000000008 Mbit/s &100000000080000000000001 MB/s
Serial EIA-422 max &1000000001000000000000010 Mbit/s &100000000100000000000001.25 MB/s
USB Full Speed &1000000001200000000000012 Mbit/s &100000000120000000000001.5 MB/s 1996
Parallel (Centronics) EPP 2 MHz &1000000001600000000000016 Mbit/s &100000000160000000000002 MB/s
Serial EIA-485 max &1000000003500000000000035 Mbit/s &100000000280000000000003.5 MB/s
GPIB/HPIB (IEEE-488.1-2003) IEEE-488 max &1000000006400000000000064 Mbit/s &100000000640000000000008 MB/s
FireWire (IEEE 1394) 100 &1000000009830400000000098.304 Mbit/s &1000000009830400000000012.288 MB/s 1995
FireWire (IEEE 1394) 200 &10000000196608000000000196.608 Mbit/s &1000000019660800000000024.576 MB/s 1995
FireWire (IEEE 1394) 400 &10000000393216000000000393.216 Mbit/s &1000000039321600000000049.152 MB/s 1995
USB Hi-Speed (USB 2.0) &10000000480000000000000480 Mbit/s &1000000048000000000000060 MB/s 2000
FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 800[43] &10000000786432000000000786.432 Mbit/s &1000000078643200000000098.304 MB/s
Fibre Channel 1Gb SCSI &100000010625000000000001,062.5 Mbit/s &10000000800000000000000100 MB/s
FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 1600[43] &100000015730000000000001,573 Mbit/s &10000001572800000000000196.6 MB/s
Camera Link Base (single) 24bit 85 MHz &100000020400000000000002,040 Mbit/s &10000002040000000000000255 MB/s
Fibre Channel 2Gb SCSI &100000021250000000000002,125 Mbit/s &10000001600000000000000200 MB/s
eSATA (SATA 300) &100000024000000000000002,400 Mbit/s &10000002400000000000000300 MB/s 2004
CoaXPress Base (up and down bidirectional link) &100000031250000000000003.125 Gbit/s + &1000000002083300000000020.833 Mbit/s &10000003120000000000000390 MB/s 2009
FireWire (IEEE 1394b) 3200[43] &100000031457000000000003,145.7 Mbit/s &10000003145728000000000393.216 MB/s
Fibre Channel 4Gb SCSI &100000042500000000000004.25 Gbit/s &10000004250000000000000531.25 MB/s
USB Super Speed (USB 3.0) &100000050000000000000005 Gbit/s &10000005000000000000000625 MB/s 2010
Camera Link Full (dual) 64-bit 85 MHz &100000054400000000000005.44 Gbit/s &10000005440000000000000680 MB/s
CoaXPress Full (up and down bidirectional link) &100000062500000000000006.25 Gbit/s + &1000000002083300000000020.833 Mbit/s &10000006248000000000000781 MB/s 2009
Thunderbolt &1000001000000000000000010 Gbit/s × 2 &100000100000000000000001.25 GB/s × 2 2011
External PCI Express x16 &1000003200000000000000032 Gbit/s &100000320000000000000004 GB/s

MAC to PHY

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
MII (4 Lanes) &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
RMII (2 Lanes) &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
SMII (1 Lane) &10000000100000000000000100 Mbit/s &1000000010000000000000012.5 MB/s
GMII (8 Lanes) &100000010000000000000001.0 Gbit/s &10000001000000000000000125 MB/s
RGMII (4 Lanes) &100000010000000000000001.0 Gbit/s &10000001000000000000000125 MB/s
SGMII (2 Lanes) &100000010000000000000001.0 Gbit/s &10000001000000000000000125 MB/s
XGMII (32 Lanes) &1000001000000000000000010.0 Gbit/s &100000100000000000000001.25 GB/s
XAUI (4 Lanes) &1000001000000000000000010.0 Gbit/s &100000100000000000000001.25 GB/s
XLGMII &1000004000000000000000040.0 Gbit/s &100000400000000000000005 GB/s
CGMII &10000100000000000000000100.0 Gbit/s &1000010000000000000000012.5 GB/s

PHY to XPDR

Technology Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s) Year
XSBI (16 lanes) &100000009950000000000000.995 Gbit/s &100000009920000000000000.124 GB/s

Random Access Memory

FPM, EDO, SDR, and RDRAM memories cannot be installed in a dual-channel configuration. DDR and DDR2 memory can be installed in a dual-channel configuration. DDR3 memory can be installed in dual-channel, tri-channel, and quad-channel configurations. To obtain the bit rates for multi-channel configuration of any memory type, multiply the given bit rates by 2x for dual-channel, 3x for tri-channel, and 4x for quad-channel.

Module Type Chip Type Clock Speed Bus Speed Transfer Rate (bit/s) Transfer Rate (byte/s)
FPM DRAM 45 ns 22 MHz 177 MT/s 1.416 Gbit/s 177 MB/s
EDO DRAM 30 ns 33 MHz 266 MT/s 2.128 Gbit/s 266 MB/s
PC-66 SDR SDRAM 10/15 ns 66 MHz 66 MT/s 4.264 Gbit/s 533 MB/s
PC-100 SDR SDRAM 8 ns 100 MHz 100 MT/s 6.4 Gbit/s 800 MB/s
PC-133 SDR SDRAM 7/7.5 ns 133 MHz 133 MT/s 8.528 Gbit/s 1.066 GB/s
RIMM-1200 RDRAM PC-600 300 MHz 600 MT/s 9.6 Gbit/s 1.2 GB/s
RIMM-1400 RDRAM PC-700 350 MHz 700 MT/s 11.2 Gbit/s 1.4 GB/s
RIMM-1600 RDRAM PC-800 400 MHz 800 MT/s 12.8 Gbit/s 1.6 GB/s
PC-1600 DDR SDRAM DDR-200 100 MHz 200 MT/s 12.8 Gbit/s 1.6 GB/s
RIMM-2100 RDRAM PC-700 533 MHz 1.066 GT/s 17.034 Gbit/s 2.133 GB/s
PC-2100 DDR SDRAM DDR-266 133 MHz 266 MT/s 17.034 Gbit/s 2.133 GB/s
PC-2700 DDR SDRAM DDR-333 166 MHz 333 MT/s 21.336 Gbit/s 2.667 GB/s
PC-3200 DDR SDRAM DDR-400 200 MHz 400 MT/s 25.6 Gbit/s 3.2 GB/s
PC2-3200 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-400 200 MHz 400 MT/s 25.6 Gbit/s 3.2 GB/s
PC-3500 DDR SDRAM DDR-433 216 MHz 433 MT/s 27.728 Gbit/s 3.466 GB/s
PC-3700 DDR SDRAM DDR-466 233 MHz 466 MT/s 29.864 Gbit/s 3.733 GB/s
PC-4000 DDR SDRAM DDR-500 250 MHz 500 MT/s 32 Gbit/s 4 GB/s
PC-4200 DDR SDRAM DDR-533 266 MHz 533 MT/s 34.128 Gbit/s 4.266 GB/s
PC2-4200 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-533 266 MHz 533 MT/s 34.128 Gbit/s 4.266 GB/s
PC-4400 DDR SDRAM DDR-550 275 MHz 550 MT/s 35.2 Gbit/s 4.4 GB/s
PC-4800 DDR SDRAM DDR-600 300 MHz 600 MT/s 38.4 Gbit/s 4.8 GB/s
PC2-5300 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-667 333 MHz 667 MT/s 42.664 Gbit/s 5.333 GB/s
PC2-6000 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-750 375 MHz 750 MT/s 48 Gbit/s 6 GB/s
PC2-6400 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-800 400 MHz 800 MT/s 51.2 Gbit/s 6.4 GB/s
PC3-6400 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-800 400 MHz 800 MT/s 51.2 Gbit/s 6.4 GB/s
PC2-7200 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-900 450 MHz 900 MT/s 57.6 Gbit/s 7.2 GB/s
PC2-8000 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1000 500 MHz 1 GT/s 57.6 Gbit/s 7.2 GB/s
PC2-8500 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1066 533 MHz 1.066 GT/s 64 Gbit/s 8 GB/s
PC3-8500 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1066 533 MHz 1.066 GT/s 64 Gbit/s 8 GB/s
PC2-8800 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1100 550 MHz 1.1 GT/s 70.4 Gbit/s 8.8 GB/s
PC2-8888 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1100 556 MHz 1.111 GT/s 71.104 Gbit/s 8.888 GB/s
PC2-9136 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1142 571 MHz 1.142 GT/s 73.088 Gbit/s 9.136 GB/s
PC2-9200 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1150 575 MHz 1.15 GT/s 73.6 Gbit/s 9.2 GB/s
PC2-9600 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1200 600 MHz 1.2 GT/s 76.8 Gbit/s 9.6 GB/s
PC2-10000 DDR2 SDRAM DDR2-1250 625 MHz 1.25 GT/s 80 Gbit/s 10 GB/s
PC3-10600 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1333 667 MHz 1.333 GT/s 85.336 Gbit/s 10.667 GB/s
PC3-11000 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1375 688 MHz 1.375 GT/s 88 Gbit/s 11 GB/s
PC3-12800 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1600 800 MHz 1.6 GT/s 102.4 Gbit/s 12.8 GB/s
PC3-13000 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1625 813 MHz 1.625 GT/s 104 Gbit/s 13 GB/s
PC3-14400 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1800 900 MHz 1.8 GT/s 115.2 Gbit/s 14.4 GB/s
PC3-14900 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1866 933 MHz 1.866 GT/s 119.464 Gbit/s 14.933 GB/s
PC3-15000 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-1866 933 MHz 1.866 GT/s 119.464 Gbit/s 14.933 GB/s
PC3-16000 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-2000 1 GHz 2 GT/s 128 Gbit/s 16 GB/s
PC3-17000 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-2133 1.066 GHz 2.133 GT/s 136.528 Gbit/s 17.066 GB/s
PC3-17600 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-2200 1.1 GHz 2.2 GT/s 140.8 Gbit/s 17.6 GB/s
PC3-19200 DDR3 SDRAM DDR3-2400 1.2 GHz 2.4 GT/s 153.6 Gbit/s 19.2 GB/s

Digital audio

Device Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s)
CD Audio (16-bit PCM) &100000000000014110000001,411 Kbit/s &10000000000000180599999180.6 KB/s
S/PDIF &100000000000000030720003.072 Mbit/s &100000000000000003840000.384 MB/s
I²S &100000000000000022500002.250 Mbit/s @ 24bit/48 kHz &100000000000000002810000.281 MB/s
AC'97 &1000000000000001228800012.288 Mbit/s &100000000000000015360001.536 MB/s
McASP  ???  ???
Intel High Definition Audio Rev. 1.0[44] &1000000000000004800000048 (outbound) & 24 (inbound) Mbit/s &100000000000000060000006 & 3 MB/s (outbound & inbound)
ADAT Lightpipe (Type I) &100000000000000092159999.216 Mbit/s &100000000000000023039992.304 MB/s
AES/EBU &100000000000000026250002.625 Mbit/s @ 24bit/48 kHz &100000000000000003280000.328 MB/s
MADI &10000000000000100000000100 Mbit/s &1000000000000001250000012.5 MB/s

Digital video interconnects

Data rates given are from the video source (e.g. video card) to receiving device (e.g. monitor) only. Out of band and reverse signaling channels are not included.

Device Rate (bit/s) Rate (byte/s)
HD-SDI (SMPTE 292M) &100000014850000000000001.485 Gbit/s &100000014880000000000000.186 GB/s
LVDS Display Interface[45] &100000028000000000000002.8 Gbit/s &100000028000000000000000.35 GB/s
3G-SDI (SMPTE 424M) &100000029700000000000002.97 Gbit/s &100000029680000000000000.371 GB/s
Single link DVI &100000049500000000000004.95 Gbit/s &100000049520000000000000.619 GB/s †
HDMI v1.0[46] &100000049500000000000004.95 Gbit/s &100000049520000000000000.619 GB/s †
DisplayPort v1.0 (4-lane reduced rate)[47] &100000064800000000000006.48 Gbit/s &100000064800000000000000.810 GB/s †
Dual link DVI &100000080300000000000008.03 Gbit/s &100000099040000000000001.238 GB/s †
HDMI v1.3[48] &1000001020000000000000010.2 Gbit/s &100000102000000000000001.275 GB/s †
DisplayPort v1.0 (4-lane full rate)[47] &1000001080000000000000010.8 Gbit/s &100000108000000000000001.35 GB/s †
DisplayPort v1.2 (4-lane)[47] &1000002160000000000000021.6 Gbit/s &100000216000000000000002.7 GB/s †

† Uses 8B/10B encoding for video data - effective data rate is 80% of the symbol rate

See also

Notes

  1. ^ TTY uses a Baudot code, not ASCII. This uses 5 bits per character instead of 8, plus one start and approx. 1.5 stop bits (7.5 total bits per character sent).
  2. ^ WPM, or Words Per Minute, is the number of times the word "PARIS" is transferred per minute. Strictly speaking the code is quinary, accounting inter-element, inter-letter, and inter-word gaps, yielding 50 binary elements (bits) per one word. Therefore 40 wpm is 2000 bits/min or 55.6 bits/s. Counting characters, including inter-word gaps, gives 6 characters per word or 240 characters per minute, and finally 4 characters per second.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j All modems are wrongly assumed to be in serial operation with 1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit (2 stop bits for 110-baud modems). Therefore, currently modems are wrongly calculated with transmission of 10 bits per 8-bit byte (11 bits for 110-baud modems). Although the serial port is nearly always used to connect a modem and has equivalent data rates, the protocols, modulations and error correction differ completely.
  4. ^ a b c Modem Types and Timeline, Daxal Communications, 2003-12-16, http://www.surfthe.us/reference/modem-timeline.html, retrieved 2009-04-16 
  5. ^ ITU.int
  6. ^ a b c 56K modems: V.90 and V.92 have just 5% overhead for the protocol signaling. The maximum capacity can only be achieved when the upstream (service provider) end of the connection is digital, ie a DS0 channel.
  7. ^ Note that effective aggregate bandwidth for an ISDN installation is typically higher than the rates shown for a single channel due to the use of multiple channels. A basic rate interface (BRI) provides 2 "B" channels and one "D" channel. Each B channel provides 64 kbit/s bandwidth and the 'D' channel carries signalling (call setup) information. B channels can be bonded to provide a 128 kbit/s data rate. Primary rate interfaces (PRI) vary depending on whether the region uses E1 (Europe, world) or T1 (North America) bearers. In E1 regions, the PRI carries 30 B-channels and 1 D-channel; in T1 regions the PRI carries 23 B-channels and 1 D-channel. The D-channel has different bandwidth on the two interfaces.
  8. ^ Massey, David (2006-07-04), "Timeline of Telecommunications", Telephone Tribute, http://www.telephonetribute.com/timeline.html, retrieved 2009-04-16 
  9. ^ Adam.com.au
  10. ^ Itu.int
  11. ^ a b DOCSIS 1.0 includes technology which first became available around 1995-1996, and has since become very widely deployed. DOCSIS 1.1 introduces some security improvements and Quality of Service (QoS).
  12. ^ a b DOCSIS 2.0 specifications provide increased upstream throughput for symmetric services.
  13. ^ a b DOCSIS 3.0 is currently in development by the CableLabs consortium and is slated to include support for channel bonding and IPv6.
  14. ^ ITU.int
  15. ^ ITU.int
  16. ^ Most operators only support up to 9600bit/s
  17. ^ SDSL is available in various speeds.
  18. ^ ADSL connections will vary in throughput from 64 kbit/s to several Mbit/s depending on configuration. Most are commonly below 2 Mbit/s. Some ADSL and SDSL connections have a higher digital bandwidth than T1 but their rate is not guaranteed, and will drop when the system gets overloaded, whereas the T1 type connections are usually guaranteed and have no contention ratios.
  19. ^ Satellite internet may have a high bandwidth but also has a high latency due to the distance between the modem, satellite and hub. One-way satellite connections exist where all the downstream traffic is handled by satellite and the upstream traffic by land-based connections such as 56K modems and ISDN.
  20. ^ a b "MoCA 1.1 improves throughput" over coaxial cable to 175 Mbits/s versus the 100 Mbits/s provided by the MoCA 1.0 specification.
  21. ^ FireWire natively supports TCP/IP, and is often used at an alternative to Ethernet when connecting 2 nodes. Tweaktown.com
  22. ^ Data rate comparison between FW and Giganet shows that FW's lower overhead has nearly the same throughput as Giganet. Unibrain.com
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j InfiniBand uses an 8B/10B encoding scheme.
  24. ^ Mac History
  25. ^ VAW: Apple IIgs Specs
  26. ^ The Zorro II bus use 4 clocks per 16-Bit of data transferred. See the Zorro III technical specification for more information.
  27. ^ Japan wikipedia article, Bus used in early NEC PC-9800 series and compatible systems
  28. ^ STD 32 Busspecification Desinger's Guide
  29. ^ Japan wikipedia article, Bus used in later NEC PC-9800 series and compatible systems
  30. ^ Local Area Networks Newsletter by Paul Polishuk, September 1992, Page 7 (APbus used in Sony NeWS and NEC UP4800 workstations and NEC EWS4800 servers after VMEbus and before switch to PCI)
  31. ^ Japan wikipedia article, Bus used in NEC PC-9821 series
  32. ^ Dave Haynie, designer of the Zorro III bus, claims in this posting that the theoretical max of the Zorro III bus can be derived by the timing information given in ‘’chapter 5’’ of the Zorro III technical specification.
  33. ^ Dave Haynie, designer of the Zorro III bus, claims in this posting that Zorro III is an asynchronous bus and with that does not have a classical MHz rating. A maximum theoretical MHz value may be derived by examining timing constraints detailed in the Zorro III technical specification, which should yield about 37.5 MHz. No existing implementation performs to this level.
  34. ^ Dave Haynie, designer of the Zorro III bus, claims in this posting that Zorro III has a max burst rate of 150 MB/s.
  35. ^ a b c d e Note that PCI Express 1.0/2.0 lanes use an 8B/10B encoding scheme.
  36. ^ a b c d e f PCIe 2.0 effectively doubles the bus standard's bandwidth from 2.5 GT/s to 5 GT/s
  37. ^ PCIe 3.0 increases the bandwidth from 5 GT/s to 8 GT/s and switches to 128b/130b encoding
  38. ^ SCSI-1, SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 are signaling protocols and do not explicitly refer to a specific rate. Narrow SCSI exists using SCSI-1 and SCSI-2. Higher rates use SCSI-2 or later.
  39. ^ a b c d Fibre Channel 1GFC, 2GFC, 4GFC use an 8B/10B encoding scheme. Fibre Channel 10GFC, which uses a 64B/66B encoding scheme, is not compatible with 1GFC, 2GFC and 4GFC, and is used only to interconnect switches.
  40. ^ a b c d e SATA and SAS use an 8B/10B encoding scheme.
  41. ^ proprietary serial version of IEEE-488 by Commodore International
  42. ^ http://cbmmuseum.kuto.de/floppy.html
  43. ^ a b c FireWire (IEEE 1394b) uses an 8B/10B coding scheme.
  44. ^ High Definition Audio Specification, Revision 1.0, 2004
  45. ^ Videsignline.com, Panel display interfaces and bandwidth: From TTL, LVDS, TDMS to DisplayPort
  46. ^ Octavainc.com
  47. ^ a b c Displayport Technical Overview, May 2010
  48. ^ HDMI.org

External links

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Note: interfaces are listed in speed ascending order (roughly), the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest
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