List of Harrier Jump Jet family losses
This is a list of Harrier Jump Jet family aircraft losses:
| Harrier / Sea Harrier / Harrier II |
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| An AV-8S Matador flies over the Spanish aircraft carrier Dédalo(R01). |
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Contents
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Crashes by decade
1960s
- 1 April 1965
- Tripartite Evaluation Squadron Kestrel FGA1 (XS696) caught fire on take-off at RAF West Raynham.[1]
- 21 September 1967
- Tripartite Evaluation Squadron Kestrel FGA1 (XS693) was abandoned 2 miles fom Boscombe Down.[1]
- 27 January 1969
- RAF GR3 (XV743) was abandoned over Dunsfold Aerodrome.[2]
- 4 June 1969
- Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) T2 (XW174) abandoned after loss of power near Boscombe Down.[2]
1970s
UK operated Harriers
- 11 June 1970
- A&AEE T2 (XW264) flew into ground after loss of control near Boscombe Down.[3]
- 6 October 1970
- RAF GR1 (XV796) abandoned after engine flame at Ouston.[2]
- 23 April 1971
- RAF GR1 (XV798) abandoned after loss of control in hover at RAF Wildenrath.[2]
- 3 August 1971
- RAF GR1 (XV803) flew into ground following nozzle failure, RAF Wattisham.[2]
- 12 January 1972
- RAF GR1 (XW918) of No. 4 Squadron crashed following loss of control in cloud at Tuschenbroich, West Germany.[4]
- 21 March 1972
- RAF GR1 (XV802) flew into ground near Stadtoldendorf, West Germany.[2]
- 26 April 1972
- RAF GR1 (XV749) abandoned over sea off Lincolnshire following bird strike.[2]
- 1 May 1972
- RAF GR1 (XV777) abandoned during transition from hover at RAF Wittering.[2]
- 4 May 1972
- RAF GR1 (XV792) abandoned after bird strike near Hutten, West Germany.[2]
- 20 June 1972
- RAF GR3 (XW920) of No. 3 Squadron abandoned following a loss of engine power over Cape Frasca ranges, Sardinia.[4]
- 27 June 1972
- RAF GR1 (XV780) abandoned after engine fire near RAF Gutersloh, West Germany.[2]
- 12 September 1972
- RAF GR1 (XV799) flew into hill near Kyle of Lochalsh, Scotland.[2]
- 9 July 1973
- RAF GR3 (XV792) abandoned after bird strike at RAF Wildenrath.[2]
- 30 July 1973
- RAF GR3 (XV805) abandoned after bird strike near Coesfeld, West Germany.[2]
- 6 September 1973
- RAF GR3 (XV750) abandoned over Germany after engine cut.[2]
- 24 September 1973
- RAF GR1 (XV739) of 1 Squadron was abandoned over Cyprus.[2]
- 23 January 1974
- RAF GR3 (XV797) rolled out of control due to jammed flap and abandoned over Vredepeel, Netherlands.[2]
- 26 March 1974
- RAF GR3 (XV785) abandoned during landing at RAF Wildenrath, West Germany.[2]
- 16 May 1974
- RAF GR3 (XV800) damaged beyond repair following bird strike at RAF Wildenrath.[2]
- 1 December 1975
- RAF GR3 (XV788) abandoned following bird strike over Belize.[2]
- 19 January 1976
- Two RAF GR3s (XV745 and XV754) collided and crashed in Cheshire, England.[2]
- 12 March 1976
- RAF GR3 (XV746) flew into mountain in Norway.[2]
- 6 July 1976
- RAF GR3 (XW770) abandoned after engine flame out near Borken, West Germany.[5]
- 15 December 1978
- RAF GR3 (XV801) abandoned after loss of control over West Germany.[2]
- 18 July 1979
- RAF GR3 (XZ137) of No. 4 Squadron hit a house at Wissmar, West Germany.[6]
- 21 September 1979
- Two RAF GR3s (XV756 and XZ128) collided over Cambridgeshire.[2]
- 4 October 1979
- RAF GR3 (XW766) abandoned after control loss and crashed into wood near Ravensberg, West Germany.[5]
- 8 November 1979
- RAF GR3 (XV756) abandoned after being hit by ricochet over Holbeach ranges.[2]
US operated Harriers
- 18 June 1971
- A USMC pilot became the first American killed in a Harrier crash when his aircraft crashed into the Chesapeake Bay during a test flight.[7]
- 15 June 1974
- A USMC pilot was killed at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina when his AV-8A Harrier rolled during a landing.[7]
- 9 October 1974
- A USMC pilot was killed at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina when the landing gear of his AV-8A Harrier collapsed upon landing causing his aircraft to skid off the runway and burst into flames.[7]
1980s
Indian operated Harriers
- 4 May 1988
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier (IN601) crashed near Goa, pilot killed.
- 27 June 1988
- Indian Navy Harrier T60 (IN652) crashed crew ejected.
UK operated Harriers
- 12 March 1980
- RAF GR3 (XW765) abandoned after bird strike over Dyfed, Wales.[5]
- 14 October 1980
- RAF GR3 (XV792) rolled over and crashed while in the hover at RAF Gutersloh.[2]
- 28 October 1980
- RAF GR3 (XV761) abandoned over Germany following bird strike.[2]
- 22 May 1981
- RAF GR3 (XZ139) of No. 3 Squadron abandoned near Sogel, West Germany after tailplane control rod disconnected.[6]
- 26 May 1981
- RAF GR3 (XW923) of No. 1417 Flight crashed into trees after failing to gain height during vertical takeoff at Belize Airport.[4]
- 14 July 1981
- RAF GR3 (XV807) flew into tree near Georgeville, Belize.[2]
- 12 February 1982
- RAF GR3 (XZ973) of 233 Operational Conversion Unit flew into hill near Corwen, Wales.[8]
- 4 May 1982
- Royal Navy Sea Harrier FRS1 (XZ450) crashed after being hit by 35mm cannon shells during a cluster bomb attack on Goose Green airstrip, pilot killed.[9]
- 6 May 1982
- Two Royal Navy Sea Harrier FRS.1s, XZ452 and XZ453 of 801 NAS on combat air patrol from HMS Invincible of the Falklands task force, collide in poor visibility killing both pilots.[10]
- 21 May 1982
- RAF GR3 (XZ972) crashed after being hit by a Blowpipe missile during an armed reconnaissance over Port Howard.[8][11]
- 23 May 1982
- Royal Navy Sea Harrier FRS1 (ZA192) crashed into the sea following an explosion on departing from HMS Hermes, pilot killed.[9]
- 27 May 1982
- RAF GR3 (XZ988) of No. 1 Squadron crashed following being hit by gunfire during an attack on Goose Green.[11]
- 29 May 1982
- Royal Navy Sea Harrier FRS1 (ZA174) slid off the deck of HMS Invincible into the sea in bad weather, pilot recovered.[9]
- 30 May 1982
- RAF GR3 (XZ963) of No. 1 Squadron crashed into the sea after running out of fuel, aircraft had been hit by small arms fire west of Port Stanley.[11]
- 1 June 1982
- Royal Navy Sea Harrier FRS1 (XZ456) crashed into sea after being hit by a Roland missile during an armed reconnaissance mission south of Stanley Airport.[9]
- 8 June 1982
- RAF GR3 (XZ989) of No. 1 Squadron damaged beyond repair landing on a metal strip runway at San Carlos, Falkland Islands.[8]
- 29 June 1982
- RAF T4 (XW272) flew into trees on take-off at Nergen-Hohne ranges, West Germany.[3]
- 6 November 1982
- RAF GR3 (XW767) abandoned following engine failure and crashed in sea off Falklands Island.[5][11]
- 23 February 1983
- RAF GR3 (XV795) and T2 (XW926) collided over Cambridgeshire.[2]
- 22 March 1983
- RAF GR3 (XV787) abandoned over Falkland Islands after engine flame out.[2]
- 3 May 1983
- RAF GR3 (XZ134) of No. 3 lost power during take off and crashed at Stormede, West Germany.[6]
- 28 October 1983
- RAF GR3 (XV742) of 233 Operational Conversion Unit flew into the sea on Holbeach range.[2]
- 19 November 1983
- RAF GR3 (XV762) flew into high ground in Falkland Islands.[2]
- 3 June 1984
- RAF GR3 (XZ135) of No. 4 Squadron crashed after catching fire in the hover during a flying display at Grossostheim.[6]
- 29 November 1984
- RAF GR3 (XZ993) of No. 1453 Flight abandoned after bird strike at Port Stanley, Falkland Islands.[8]
- 18 February 1985
- RAF T4 (XW933) of No. 3 Squadron collided with Germany Air Force F-104G over Bad Rothenfelde, West Germany.[4]
- 19 November 1985
- RAF GR3 (XW922) of No. 233 Operational Conversion Unit rolled and was damaged during vertical landing at RAF Wittering.[4]
- 17 June 1986
- RAF GR3 (XW916) of No. 233 Operational Conversion Unit was abandoned following and electrical failure on approach to Yeovilton.[4]
- 28 June 1986
- RAF GR3 (XW769) abandoned when control was lost in hover at Chievres.[5]
- 22 October 1987
- BAe GR5 (ZD325) lost over the sea while on a pre-delivery test flight from BAe Dunsfold. The pilot was inadvertently removed from the cockpit by the seat separation drogue gun, leaving the Harrier to fly un-manned with the broken canopy attached. The aircraft was intercepted by a passing USAF Lockheed C-5 Galaxy, to check for signs of life, before crashing in the Atlantic Ocean off the Irish coast, due to fuel exhaustion.
- 2 November 1987
- Two RAF GR3s (XV790 and XZ136) collided over Otterburn ranges.[2]
- 20 May 1988
- RAF GR3 (XV809) hit trees following loss of control after entering clouds on take off at RAF Gutersloh.[2]
- 18 August 1988
- RAF GR3 (XW921) of No. 3 Squadron crashed into wood near RAF Gutersloh after engine fire on takeoff.[4]
- 20 June 1989
- RAF T4 (XW925) of No. 4 Squadron abandoned after loss of control at RAF Gutersloh.[4]
1990s
Indian operated Harriers
- 9 June 1992
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN619) crashed, the pilot was unharmed.
- 9 December 1992
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN612).
- 8 February 1996
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN620) missing during night flying over sea.
- 30 September 1997
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN611).
UK operated Harriers
- 7 February 1992
- RAF GR3 (XW927) was damaged beyond repair in a heavy landing at RAF Gutersloh.[4]
- 14 May 1992
- RAF GR3 (XZ990) crashed at RAF Wittering after loss of engine power in hover.[8]
- 24 November 1993
- An RAF GR7 crashed due to mechanical failure, in northern Iraq during a patrol as part of Operation Northern Watch. After safely ejecting from his crippled Harrier the pilot was rescued by an American helicopter, approximately 100 miles inside Iraq, and returned to Incirlik.[12]
- 16 April 1994
- A SAM fired by the Army of Republika Srpska, (most probably a Strela 2), shot down a British Aerospace Sea Harrier of 801 Naval Air Squadron Fleet Air Arm, operating from the light carrier HMS Ark Royal. The pilot, Lieutenant Nick Richardson ejected and landed in friendly territory controlled by Bosnian Muslims.[13]
- 23 February 1996
- Royal Navy Harrier T8 crashed near the Merry Harriers Inn in Somerset about 2 miles West of RAF Culmhead killing both crew members.
- 25 September 1996
- RAF T4 (XZ147) of No.233 Operational Conversion Unit was abandoned after bird strike near Driffield, Yorkshire.[6]
- 9 January 1997
- ZD377, an RAF Harrier GR.7 crashed at Laarbruch. The burning aircraft ended up inverted on the runway.[14]
- 9 July 1999
- An RAF Cottesmore-based Harrier crashed near Boston, Lincolnshire, after the pilot made a successful ejection.[15]
- 14 July 1999
- An RAF Harrier GR7 crashed near Cornhill on Tweed, Northumberland. The pilot ejecting moments before impact.[15]
US operated Harriers
- 12 February 1990
- A USMC pilot died and a reconnaissance observer was hurt when they ejected almost simultaneously from separate aircraft during training missions at the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, Twentynine Palms, California. The pilot was killed after ejecting from his AV-8B Harrier II, BuNo 163187, from VMA-223, based at MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina, which crashed in a remote area. The Aerial observer who ejected from North American OV-10 Bronco, suffered minor injuries. The Bronco landed safely.[16]
- 18 January 1991
- A USMC AV-8B is shot down by anti-aircraft artillery.
- 9 February 1991
- A USMC AV-8B is shot down by a surface-to-air missile.
- 23 February 1991
- A USMC AV-8B is shot down by a surface-to-air missile, pilot killed.
- 27 February 1991
- A USMC AV-8B is shot down by anti-aircraft artillery, pilot killed.
- 29 June 1992
- The pilot from VMA-214 was killed after his parachute veered into the fireball created at the Davenport Municipal Airport in Iowa when his AV-8B Harrier exploded at the end of the runway during an aborted takeoff attempt.[17]
- 10 August 1993
- An AV-8B Harrier II crashed on the runway at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina after the Flap Electronic Control Module (FECM) suffered from moisture ingress. Erroneous Flap scheduling led to an uncontrollable descent. Captain William P. Delaney ejected before impact but he descended into the fireball causing fatal injuries.[18][19]
- 2 May 1999
- A Harrier, returning to USS Kearsarge crashed into the Adriatic Sea whilst on a training mission, after the pilot ejected.[20]
2000s
Indian operated Harriers
- 25 May 2001
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN610) crashed at Phadkevam, pilot ejected.
- 24 August 2003
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN615) crashed into sea during landing.
- 17 December 2004
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN604) crashed during a hover landing at Dabolim.
- 5 December 2005
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN607) pilot killed.
- 5 April 2007
- Indian Navy Harrier T60 (IN651) crashed into the sea near Goa, crew ejected, one rescued one killed.
- 9 September 2007
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN608) crashed into sea during carrier landing, pilot ejected.
- 24 December 2007
- Indian Navy Sea Harrier FRS51 (IN613) crashed at Dabolim, pilot ejected.
UK operated Harriers
- 2 August 2002
- RAF GR7 crashed into sea, while hovering during a performance at the Lowestoft Seafront Air Festival, Suffolk. The pilot ejected before crashing into sea and was later rescued by a lifeboat. The pilot pulled the throttle lever the wrong way, causing a sudden loss of power and altitude.[21]
- 14 October 2005
- RAF GR7A was destroyed and another damaged in a rocket attack by Taliban forces while parked on the tarmac at Kandahar. No one was injured in the attack. The damaged Harrier was repaired at the airfield while the destroyed one was replaced by another fighter which flew out from Britain on the same evening.[22]
- 13 July 2006
- RAF GR7A crashed near Oxford Airport whilst transitioning to RAF Fairford for the 2006 Royal International Air Tattoo. Pilot ejected safely and was rescued, the crash being caused by a bird strike, thought to be a swan ingested into the engine.
- 16 June 2008
- An RAF GR7 crashed at around 1.50pm near the village of Ashwell, in an unpopulated area of Rutland, after the pilot ejected shortly before landing at RAF Cottesmore.[23]
- 14 May 2009
- A British Harrier GR9A jet crashed in Afghanistan, the Ministry of Defence said. The pilot is believed to have suffered only minor injuries when he ejected from the aircraft before it came down at Kandahar airfield at about 10:30am local time. It is believed there were no other casualties. It is thought that the RAF pilot ejected after he could not land the aircraft properly. The landing gear was not fully extended.[24]
US operated Harriers
- 3 February 2001
- US Marine Corps TAV-8B Harrier crashed as it neared touchdown on a base runway at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, killing two aviators.[25]
- 1 April 2003
- AV-8B+(R) Harrier 165391 of HMM-263 crashes off USS Nassau in the Persian gulf during the 2003 invasion of Iraq; the pilot was rescued.[26][27]
- 6 December 2005
- USMC AV-8B from Marine Attack Training Squadron 203 out of Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point crashed approx 20 miles east of Saint Augustine, Florida; Capt Jason Thomsen safely ejected and was rescued by the United States Coast Guard.[28]
- 27 November 2007
- US Marine Corps AV-8B Harrier with VMA-513 crashed near Marine Corps Air Station Yuma, Arizona, with the pilot ejecting safely. The crash occurred during a routine training mission.[29]
- 13 February 2008
- USMC AV-8B Harrier II from VMA-542 crashed at the Open Ground Farms in Carteret County, North Carolina. The pilot was able to safely eject.[30]
- 15 May 2008
- US Marine Corps TAV-8B Harrier II from VMAT-203, crashed while on a training mission in southern Arizona, with both pilots ejecting safely.[31][32]
- 29 December 2008
- US Marine Corps AV-8B Harrier with VMAT-203 crashed in an unpopulated area approximately one mile east of the air station near NC Highway 101, killing the pilot. The crash occurred while returning from a routine training flight.[33]
Indian operated Harriers
- December 25, 2007
- An Indian Navy Sea Harrier crashed at Dabolim Air Station, Goa, during a vertical landing attempt. The pilot, Cdr Janak Bevli ejected to safety.[34]
- 29 March 2011
- US Marine Corps AV-8B Harrier deployed with 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) embarked aboard amphibious assault ship USS Boxer (LHD-4) crashed into the water during takeoff for a routine training flight while operating in the Arabian Sea.[35][36]
See also
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Aviation portal |
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Royal Navy portal |
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British aircraft since World War II portal |
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Aviation portal |
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United States Marine Corps portal |
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Aviation portal |
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- Related lists
References
Notes
- ^ a b Halley 2001 p. 82
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Halley 2001 pp. 94-96
- ^ a b Halley 2001 p. 97
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Halley 2001 p. 103
- ^ a b c d e Halley 2001 p. 100
- ^ a b c d e Halley 2001 p. 114
- ^ a b c Sack, Kevin (2002-12-17). "More Than A Few Good Men - PART III: Casualties". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/6725. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
- ^ a b c d e Halley 2001 pp. 118-119
- ^ a b c d Burden 1986, pp. 230-235
- ^ Price, Dr. Alfred, "Shar Performer", Aeroplane, London, UK, Number 408, April 2007, Volume 35, Number 4, pages 37, 40.
- ^ a b c d Burden 1986, pp. 382-285
- ^ "Harrier crash in Iraq". The Independent (London). 24 November 1993. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/harrier-crash-in-iraq-1506335.html. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ Historical warfare
- ^ Cooper, Peter J., "Picking up the Pieces", AIR International, Stamford, Lincs., UK, November 1998, Volume 55, Number 5, page 281.
- ^ a b "Second Harrier crash sparks safety fears". BBC News. 15 July 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/394738.stm. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ Washington, D.C.: Washington Times, Marine dead after ejecting from plane, Wednesday, 14 February 1990, page A-2.
- ^ Sack, Kevin (2002-12-17). "'At Least We Got to Kiss Him Goodbye' - PART III: Casualties". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/6724. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
- ^ "Marine Capt. W.P. Delaney Dies in Crash". The Washington Post. 1993-08-15. http://www.bookrags.com/highbeam/marine-capt-wp-delaney-dies-in-hb/. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ^ Sack, Kevin; Alan C. Miller (2002-12-16). "A Staggering Abundance of Crash-Causing Glitches". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.pulitzer.org/archives/6723. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ^ "Two jets crash in Kosovo campaign". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9905/02/kosovo.01/. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ "Air show Harrier crashes into sea". BBC News. 2 August 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2168921.stm. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ Rayment, Sean (16 October 2005). "Harrier destroyed by Afghan rocket". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1500702/Harrier-destroyed-by-Afghan-rocket.html. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ Sturcke, James (16 June 2008). "Pilot escapes Harrier jet crash". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/jun/16/military. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ "Jet pilot ejects in Afghanistan". BBC. 2009-05-14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8049470.stm. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
- ^ "National News Briefs; Harrier Jets Grounded After Crash Kills Two". The New York Times. 5 February 2001. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/us/national-news-briefs-harrier-jets-grounded-after-crash-kills-two.html. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ "Coalition air losses, IIIPGW:". http://www.ordersofbattle.darkscape.net/site/agtwopen/iraq_equipment_losses.html.
- ^ "2003". http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/project/YEAR_Pages/2003.htm.
- ^ "News4jax". http://www.news4jax.com/news/5485599/detail.html.
- ^ http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/11/marine_harrier_071128/
- ^ "Cherry Point Harrier jet crashes". The News and Observer, Raleigh, N.C.. 2008-02-14. http://www.newsobserver.com/news/story/943702.html.
- ^ http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2008/05/ap_harrier_051608/
- ^ http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/ss/local/85501.php
- ^ http://www.marines.mil/units/mcieast/mcascherrypoint/Pages/2009/AV-8BHarrierCrash.aspx
- ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=d62db99f-b28c-46e2-93f6-17322e8f7cf8&&Headline=Sea+Harrier+crashes%2c+pilot+safe
- ^ http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2011/035.html
- ^ http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2011/03/marine-harrier-crash-in-gulf-of-aden-033011/
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- Hannah, Donald. Hawker FlyPast Reference Library. Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK: Key Publishing Ltd., 1982. ISBN 0-946219-01-X.
- Jackson, Paul. "British Aerospace/McDonnell Douglas Harrier". World Air Power Journal, Volume 6, Summer 1991. pp. 46–105.
- James, Derek N. Hawker, an Aircraft Album No. 5. New York: Arco Publishing Company, 1973. ISBN 0-668-02699-5. (First published in the UK by Ian Allan in 1972)
- Jefford, C.G., ed. The RAF Harrier Story. London: Royal Air Force Historical Society, 2006. ISBN 0-9530345-2-6.
- Jenkins, Dennis R. Boeing / BAe Harrier. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1998. ISBN 1-58007-014-0.
- Layman, R D and Stephen McLaughlin. The Hybrid Warship. London: Conway, 1991. ISBN 0 85177 555 1.
- Markman, Steve and Bill Holder. Straight Up: A History of Vertical Flight. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7643-1204-9.
- Mason, Francis K. Harrier. Wellingborough, UK: Patrick Stephens Limited, Third edition, 1986. ISBN 0-85059-801-X.
- Mason, Francis K. Hawker Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1991. ISBN 0-85177-839-9
- Mason, Francis K. Hawker Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam Publishing, 1971. ISBN 0-370-00068-8.
- Miller, David M. O. and Chris Miller. "Modern Naval Combat". Crescent Books, 1986. ISBN 0-51761-350-6.
- Moxton, Julian. "Supersonic Harrier: One Step Closer". Flight International, 4 December 1982, pp. 1633–1635.
- Spick, Mike and Bill Gunston. The Great Book of Modern Warplanes. Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-7603-0893-4.
- Sturtivant, Ray. Fleet Air Arm Fixed-Wing Aircraft since 1946. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians), 2004. ISBN 0-85130-283.
- Sturtivant, Ray. RAF Flying Training and Support Units since 1912. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians), 2007. ISBN 0-85130-365-X.
- Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. Putnam Aeronautical, 1990. ISBN 0-87021-792-5.
- Vann, Frank. Harrier Jump Jet. New York, USA: Bdd Promotional Book Co, 1990. ISBN 0-79245-140-6.
Further reading
- Farley, John OBE. A View From The Hover: My Life In Aviation. Bath, UK: Seager Publishing/Flyer Books, 2010, first edition 2008. ISBN 978-0953275205.
- Polmar, Norman and Dana Bell. One Hundred Years of World Military Aircraft. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 2003. ISBN 1-59114-686-0.
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