Lethrinidae

Emperor breams

Sweetlip emperor, Lethrinus miniatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Lethrinidae
Subfamilies
Lethrininae Monotaxinae See text for species.

The emperor breams or simply emperors also known as pigface breams are a family, Lethrinidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes.

They are found in tropical waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and Lethrinus atlanticus is also found in the eastern Atlantic. They are benthic feeders, consuming invertebrates and small fishes. Some species have molariform (molar-like) teeth which they use to eat shelled invertebrates such as mollusks and crabs.

Species

Subfamily Lethrininae
- Genus Lethrinus Cuvier, 1829
  - Ambon emperor, Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker, 1854.
  - Pacific yellowtail emperor, Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale, 1910.
  - Atlantic emperor, Lethrinus atlanticus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Snubnose emperor, Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Redaxil emperor, Lethrinus conchyliatus (Smith, 1959).
  - Yellowtail emperor, Lethrinus crocineus Smith, 1959.
  - Blackeye emperor, Lethrinus enigmaticus Smith, 1959.
  - Orange-spotted emperor, Lethrinus erythracanthus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Longfin emperor, Lethrinus erythropterus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Longspine emperor, Lethrinus genivittatus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Chinese emperor, Lethrinus haematopterus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844.
  - Thumbprint emperor, Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775).
  - Grass emperor, Lethrinus laticaudis Alleyne & Macleay, 1877.
  - Pink ear emperor, Lethrinus lentjan (Lacépède, 1802).
  - Sky emperor, Lethrinus mahsena (Forsskål, 1775).
  - Smalltooth emperor, Lethrinus microdon (Bleeker, 1851).
  - Sweetlip emperor (Trumpet emperor), Lethrinus miniatus (Forster, 1801).
  - Spangled emperor, Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775).
  - Orange-striped emperor, Lethrinus obsoletus (Forsskål, 1775).
  - Longface emperor, Lethrinus olivaceus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Ornate emperor, Lethrinus ornatus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Australian emperor, Lethrinus punctulatus Macleay, 1878.
  - Drab emperor, Lethrinus ravus Carpenter & Randall, 2003.
  - Red snout emperor, Lethrinus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Spotcheek emperor, Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato, 1978.
  - Black blotch emperor, Lethrinus semicinctus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Slender emperor, Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes, 1830.
  - Yellowlip emperor, Lethrinus xanthochilus Klunzinger, 1870.

Subfamily Monotaxinae
- Genus Gnathodentex Bleeker, 1873
  - Striped large-eye bream, Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacépède, 1802).
- Genus Gymnocranius Klunzinger, 1870
  - Collared large-eye bream, Gymnocranius audleyi Ogilby, 1916.
  - Forktail large-eye bream, Gymnocranius elongatus Senta, 1973.
  - Japanese large-eye bream, Gymnocranius euanus (Günther, 1879).
  - Yellowsnout large-eye bream, Gymnocranius frenatus Bleeker, 1873.
  - Blue-lined large-eye bream, Gymnocranius grandoculis (Valenciennes, 1830).
  - Grey large-eye bream, Gymnocranius griseus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843).
  - Blue-spotted large-eye bream, Gymnocranius microdon (Bleeker, 1851).
  - Gymnocranius oblongus Borsa, Béarez & Chen, 2010.
- Genus Monotaxis Bennett, 1830
  - Humpnose big-eye bream, Monotaxis grandoculis (Valenciennes, 1830).
- Genus Wattsia Chan and Chilvers, 1974
  - Mozambique large-eye bream, Wattsia mossambica (Smith, 1957).

References

Kent E. Carpenter, Gerald R. Allen (Hrsg.): Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (Family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue Vol.9., Rom 1989. (Download)
Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Lethrinidae" in FishBase. January 2006 version.