In Computer Science, Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), is a prototype-based supervised classification algorithm. LVQ is the supervised counterpart of vector quantization systems.
LVQ can be understood as a special case of an artificial neural network, more precisely, it applies a winner-take-all Hebbian learning-based approach. It is a precursor to Self-organizing maps (SOM) and related to Neural gas, and to the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (k-NN). LVQ was invented by Teuvo Kohonen[1].
An LVQ system is represented by prototypes W=(w(i),...,w(n)) which are defined in the feature space of observed data. In winner-take-all training algorithms one determines, for each data point, the prototype which is closest to the input according to a given distance measure. The position of this so-called winner prototype is then adapted, i.e. the winner is moved closer if it correctly classifies the data point or moved away if it classifies the data point incorrectly.
An advantage of LVQ is that it creates prototypes that are easy to interpret for experts in the respective application domain. [2] LVQ systems can be applied to multi-class classification problems in a natural way. It is used in a variety of practical applications, see http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Neural/SOM.LVQ.html for an extensive bibliography.
A key issue in LVQ is the choice of an appropriate measure of distance or similarity for training and classification. Recently, techniques have been developed which adapt a parameterized distance measure in the course of training the system, see e.g. (Schneider, Biehl, and Hammer, 2009) [3] and references therein.
LVQ can be a source of great help in classifying text documents.