| Location | Kosciusko County, Indiana |
|---|---|
| Lake type | Glacial lake |
| Primary inflows | Spring, Lake Papakeechie |
| Primary outflows | Lower Turkey Creek |
| Catchment area | 23,618 acres (9,558 ha) |
| Basin countries | United States |
| Surface area | 12 km² (3,060 acres) |
| Average depth | 6.7 m (22 ft) |
| Max. depth | 22 m (77 ft) |
| Residence time | 3.5 years |
| Islands | 2 |
Lake Wawasee, formerly Turkey Lake, is a natural lake southeast of Syracuse in Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States. It is the largest natural lake in Indiana. It is located just east of Indiana State Road 13.
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Lake Wawasee has a long history extending from the Pleistocene epoch, early settlement by the white man, and its growth from the 19th century through today. The lake is named for Miami chief Wawasee (Wau-wuh-see), brother of Miami chief Papakeecha, which translated means "Flat Belly."[1]
Lake Wawasee has a history of being a summer vacation area for residents from Indianapolis and Chicago. The Spink's Hotel (now condominiums) overlooking Lake Wawasee was a luxury hotel that hosted famous vacationers including Al Capone. Eli Lilly maintained residence on Lake Wawasee that still today is a landmark on the lake.
Known geographic place names around Wawasee: Black's Point, Black Stump Point, Jones Landing, Willow Grove, Pickwick Park, Kale Island, Oakwood, Lakeview-South Park, Ogden's Island, Sand Point, Johnson's Bay, Buttermilk Bay, Vawter Park, Ideal Beach, Waveland Beach, Conkling Hill, Morrison's Island, and Nattie Crow Beach.
Located at the northwest end of Lake Wawasee, Black Stump Point protrudes northeasterly out into the lake. Roads on this geographic point are E. Waco Drive and N. Waco Point Drive. Businesses located during the 1950s and 1960s were Mocks' Marina and Waco, a boat-in and drive-in restaurant.
Crow's Bay is located on Wawasee's eastern shore and between Cedar Point to the north and Morrison's Island to the south. Crows Bay is named after Nathaniel Crow who established the Crow's Nest. Nattie Crow Beach is a prominent area on the bay's southern end.
Also known in recent years as Buttermilk Bay, Jarrett's Bay is the extreme southern end of Wawasee. Jarrett's Bay extends southeast with Morrison's Island to the east and Clark's Point to the west. This bay was named after Lewis Jarrett who owned a resort known as Buttermilk Point.
Also see: Lake Wawasee history: Buttermilk Point
Johnson's Bay is located on Wawasee's east side. Ogden Island and Cedar Point serve as the two prominent points of land creating this bay. Johnson's Bay is, for the most part, barren of lakeside homes as its northern, northeastern, and northwestern sections are cat tailed marsh. Due to its location it became a haven for water skiing at least as far back as the 1950s. Cedar Point affords a break from north winds and lacks the heavy boat traffic found on much of the lake.
Morrison's Island was originally Eagle Island and named after William T. Morrison who lived on this island until 1890. Today the island has a number of homes lining the lakeside (north, south, west) and boat houses lining the eastern side with channel access to Wawasee. The island has seawalls with the ground just a couple of feet from the lake's level. Morrison Island is one of the lowest residential areas on Wawasee. A 1,000 feet (305 m) by 100 feet (30 m) public grass green space lined with trees occupies the center of the island. Access by car via E. Morrison Island Road.
The main channel is not officially part of Lake Wawasee but does perform as an outlet for water heading north. The main channel begins at the lakes's northwest shore with Oakwood Park on its west and Kale Island on its east and flows north through Mudd Lake and finally into Syracuse Lake. The main channel is lined with homes and a marina on its west for its first third of travel. On the channel's east side is a large wetland marsh where a gristmill once stood.
Founded in 1893, Oakwood Park is located on Wawasee's northwest shore and the main channel to Syracuse Lake. Oakood Park is a Christian camp and meeting ground for spiritual rejuvenation and physical recreation. Oakwood Christian Retreat & Conference Center is a 42-acre (170,000 m2) facility owned and operated by an independent non-profit, non-denominational Christian organization called The Oakwood Foundation. The Syracuse-Wawasee Ministerial Association sponsors an 8:30 a.m. Sunday morning Boat-In-Worship service off the shore of the Oakwood Inn. The Oakwood Inn has a full service restaurant, 77 rooms and suites, and 8 nearby cabins. The foundation's 2-story Kimmel Retreat House has 12 rooms and can accommodate up to 25 people. Oakwood also maintains a short-term camping area for tents, motor-homes or small pop-up campers.[2]
Oakwood closed its doors after Labor Day weekend 2008. The operation and building were given back to the United Methodist Church and are up for sale.
The Wawasee Yacht Club was formed in 1935 and is located at 6338 E Trusdell Ave. on Wawasee's northeast end. It currently has 75 families and 35 social members sailing 28-foot (8.5 m) E-Scow, 19-foot (5.8 m) Lightning, and 13-foot (4.0 m) Sunfish class boats in three regattas held from June through early October.[6]
Wawascene.com[7] is an online magazine dedicated to life at Lake Wawasee & Syracuse Lake. Formed in 2009, this website hosts a live webcam [2] controllable by users, water temperature, photos, blogs, news, video, a local business directory and resident directory.
Wawasee's bottom consists of channels and rises. It was noted in 1895 that if the water level in Wawasee were dropped 30 feet (9.1 m), 4 distinct bodies of water would then be visible connected by channels 100 to 200 feet (61 m) wide and 8–10 feet deep.
If Wawasee lost 40 feet (12 m) of water there would be 4 distinct lakes without channels connecting them.[8]
Lake Wawasee meaures 12 km² (3060 acres) in size and is classified as a Trophic Class 1 lake with two major basins. The north basin has a eutrophication index value of 10 and the south basin has a eutrophication index of 12. The maximum depth is 22 m (77 ft) and an average depth of 6.7 m (22 ft). The lake is presently healthy and has a balanced aquatic ecosystem.
Lake Wawasee is a spring fed lake with exposed springs flowing into Wawasee from south, west, and east sides. Lake Papakeechie, sitting a few feet higher in elevation, provides a vast amount of water from a spillway at Buttermilk Bay at Wawasee's south end. Wawasee's structure is typical of natural lakes in the formerly glaciated portions of the Midwest. It is supplied by a watershed of 23,618 acres (95.5 km²) which starts at Little Knapp Lake and Harper Lake in Noble County and flows down through 10 lakes by way of Turkey Creek into Lake Wawasee. Water exits into through the wetlands of Main Channel and Mudd Lake into Syracuse Lake. The Wawasee Watershed is an area of that encompasses Wawasee, Syracuse, Bonar Lake and Papakeechie lakes as well as the ten lakes in the upper Turkey Creek and Papakeechie subwatersheds.
There are two smaller lakes near Wawasee. Syracuse Lake to the north is accessible from Wawasee through the 'Main Channel.' Lake Papakeechie to the south is at an elevation slightly higher than Wawasee. It is not accessible by boat from Wawasee.
The community around Wawasee pushes for water clarity and keeping the lake clean for future generations. One of the most active organizations involved in wetland and water quality protection is the Wawasee Area Conservancy Foundation (WACF).[9] This non profit group has a documented history of action and lake preservation. The WACF was formed in 1991 to anticipate, discover, and correct threats to the Wawasee Area Watershed and to its water quality. The WACF is dedicated to the preservation and enhancement of the area and works hand-in-hand with property owner groups, the State Department of Natural Resources and other governmental and civic organizations that share its concerns.
One ongoing battle concerning preservation involves a local farmer who has a permit to open a hog farm in the area. So far the conservancy has been successful in dissuading the local farmer.[10] Lake Wawasee is unusually clear for a Midwest lake. This is, in part, due to its location just a few miles from a continental divide that separates water that runs off to the Mississippi River basin and Lake Michigan. Another reason for this clarity is that most of the lakes nutrients are tied up in vegetation and zebra mussels. According to a 1995 study, Wawasee's water clarity allows for viewing up to 15-foot (4.6 m) depths, whereas other Midwest lakes, on average, have clarity allowing for viewing 2 to 6-foot (1.8 m) depths.[11]