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The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam Lahore (Urdu: احمدیہ انجمن اشاعات الاسلام) (not to be confused with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community), also known as the Lahoris, formed as a result of ideological differences[1] within the Ahmadiyya movement, after the demise of Maulana Hakim Noor-ud-Din in 1914, the first Khalifa after its founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.
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The reason for the split was summarised as follows by Maulana Muhammad Ali, the first Head of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, in his English booklet The Split in the Ahmadiyya Movement, published in 1918:
Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, a son of the founder of the movement, who is the present head of the Qadian section of the community, began to drift away from the basic principles of the Islamic faith about three years after the death of the Promised Messiah, going so far as to declare plainly that the hundreds of millions of Muslims, living in the world, should be no more treated as Muslims. . . . A large number of the educated members of the community, who had the moral courage to dissent openly from the erroneous doctrines taught by him, perceived the great danger to the whole community, when after the death of the late Maulvi Nur-ud-Din a particular clique in the community succeeded in raising M. Mahmud to headship at Qadian without any general consultation. They at once rallied round the true doctrines of the Promised Messiah, and after in vain trying for over a month and a half to keep up the unity of the movement, formed themselves into a separate Society, known as the Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha‘at-i-Islam, on 2nd May 1914, which is now earnestly working for the propagation of Islam.
— The Split in the Ahmadiyya Movement, Preface.
The dispute therefore also involved the issue of whether according to Islamic teachings a prophet can come after Muhammad, as believed by the Qadian section, or if Muhammad was the last prophet after whom no prophet is to arise, as held by the Lahore Ahmadiyya.
The larger body of Ahmadi Muslims belonging in the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community contend that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad himself received a revelation by God concerning a future split in his Community and that it would be concerning his Promised Son:
God has conveyed to me that there would be a great split in my Movement as well, and mischief makers and those who are the slaves of their own desires will depart... It will be the time of my Promised Son (Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad). God has decreed these events in connection with him... Be sure to recognize the Promised Son.
— Tadhkirah pg. 1066-1067
Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, Second Khalifatul Masih of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and the Promised Son in question, also wrote many books regarding the split, including Truth about the Split.
The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement believes Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to be the Mujaddid (reformer) of the 14th century Hijra and not a prophet. They assert that, as he himself wrote repeatedly, his use of the terms “Nabi” and “Rasool” was metaphorical, when referring to himself.[2] Members of the movement are often referred to colloquially as Lahori Ahmadis.
Many Muslims do not consider members of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement to be Muslims and some group them together with the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and refer to them by the term “Qadiani” and refer to their belief as “Qadianism”, a term rejected by Ahmadi-Muslims as derogatory.[3] Members of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement however like to refer to themselves as Lahori Ahmadi Muslims and consider themselves completely separate from the main body of Ahmadis.
As the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement’s view regarding Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s status and the concept of finality of prophethood of Muhammad is closer to traditional Islamic thought, the Literature published by the Movement has found greater acceptability among the Muslim Intelligentsia[4][5] and some orthodox Islamic Scholars consider the Lahore Ahmadiyya as Muslims.[6]
The main differing belief that led to the formation of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement as a distinct and separate group from the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is that the Lahore Ahmadiyya believe Muhammad to be the last of the prophets, and that after him no prophet can appear, neither a past one like Jesus, nor a new one.[9] They believe that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is referred to as a Prophet in the metaphorical sense only (as other Muslims saints have been referred to as well), and not in the real and technical meaning of the word as used in Islamic terminology.[10] In contrast, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community hold that Muhammad was the last law-bearing prophets and new non-law bearing prophets can come after him.[11] They hold Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to be a prophet (with all the qualities of a prophet like Jesus) but subordinate and deputy to Muhammad.[12]
Reliable statistics on the worldwide Lahore Ahmadiyya movement does not exist. However, sources do suggest that in comparison to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the Lahore Ahmadiyya population is relatively very small. In particular, it is estimated that there may be between 5000 and 10,000 Lahori Ahmadis in Pakistan[13] and possibly up to 30,000 worldwide.[14]
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