Lachter

Lachter
Unit system: old weights and measures
Symbol: Lr. or ° [1]
Unit conversions
1 Lr. or ° [1] in... is equal to...
   SI derived units    ≈ 1.9 … 2.1 m (95 % interval)

The Lachter (also Berglachter) was a common unit of length used in the mining industry in Europe, usually to measure depth, tunnel driving and the size of mining fields; it was also used for contract work. In most German-speaking mining fields it was the most important unit of length.

A Lachter was roughly equal to the amount which a man could contain within his outstretched arms. It was thus similar to the Klafter (ca. 1.8 m), but was usually rather larger.

The Lachter was - with regional differences - subdivided into Achtel (also called a Spann, Gräpel or Gröbel), (Lachter)Zoll, Primen (or Prinen) and Sekunden:

In the 19th century a decimal system of subdivision was established:

Like other units of measure, the Lachter varied in length depending on the region, but there could also be differences in length within the same region. In addition there could also be differences between various mining fields within a territory. The specification and use of conversion tables only makes sense if it is known for certain, where and at which times the values were valid. Some examples:

Region Length of 1 Lachter in m Remarks
Altenberg (Ore Mountains) 1.9851
Anhalt-Köthen 2.0410 Harzgerode Lachter
Annaberg 1.9826
Baden (to 1827)[2] 2.25 = 7.5 old Baden feet (Fuß)
Baden (from 1827)[2] 2.99 = 10 new Baden feet
Bavaria 1.9705
Bayreuth 2.0354 equal to 80 Bayreuth inches (Zoll)
Berchtesgaden 1.7512 equalt to 6 feet
Bohemia 2,3805 equal to 4 ells (Ellen)
Brunswick 1.9198
Clausthal 1.9238
Eisleben 2.0111
Freiberg 1.9426 Old Freiberg Lachter
Hanover 1.9198
Idrija (Carniola) 1,957 6 Idrian feet
Joachimsthal (today: Jáchymov) 1.918
Johanngeorgenstadt 1.9811
Kronach 2.1270 equal to 7 Nuremberg feet[3]
Lippe-Detmold 2.3161
Marienberg 1.9849
Nassau 2.0924
Austria 1.8965 1 Berglachter = 6 shoes (Schuh)
Prussia 2.092 80 Prussian inches (Zoll)
Saxony 1.98233
2,00000
until 1830: 7 Dresden or Saxon feet
from 1830: defined to be exactly 2 metres.
Schemnitz (today: Banská Štiavnica) 2.022
Silesia 1.9202
Tyrol (1769-1809 and after 1815)[4] 1,8949 = Viennese Klafter
Tyrol: Innsbruck (before 1769)[5] 2,005 = 6 Tyrolean feet = 72 Tyrolean inches
Tyrol: Kitzbühl (1747)[6] 1,78 = 64 Tyrolean inches
Tyrol: Schwaz[6] 1,75 = 63 Tyrolean inches
Württemberg 2,0054 = 7 Württemberg feet

A Lachterschnur was an oiled, 10–12 Lachter long cord, used as a measuring device.

See also

References

  1. ^ Frank, Manfred: Die Alpirsbacher und Reinerzauer Erzgänge im Württembergischen Schwarzwald. In: Württembergische Jahrbücher für Statistik und Landeskunde, 1951/52, p. 117-150, here p. 117.
  2. ^ a b Metz, Rudolf: Mineralogisch-Landeskundliche Wanderungen im Nordschwarzwald. 2nd ed., Lahr 1977, p. 597.
  3. ^ Nürnberg. In: Heinrich August Pierer, Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal-Lexikon der Gegenwart und Vergangenheit. 4th ed. Vol. 12, Altenburg, 1861, p. 159–161 (Online at zeno.org, accessed on 22 March 2010). Quote: "town foot of 12 inches of 12 Linien = 303.975 millimetres"
  4. ^ Rottleuthner, Wilhelm: Die alten Localmasse und Gewichte nebst den Aichungsvorschriften bis zur Einführung des metrischen Mass- und Gewichtssystems und der Staatsaichämter in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Universitätsverlag Wagner: Innsbruck, 1883, p. 14-22.
  5. ^ Rottleuthner, Wilhelm: Die alten Localmasse und Gewichte nebst den Aichungsvorschriften bis zur Einführung des metrischen Mass- und Gewichtssystems und der Staatsaichämter in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Universitätsverlag Wagner: Innsbruck, 1883, p. 16 & 130.
  6. ^ a b Rottleuthner, Wilhelm: Die alten Localmasse und Gewichte nebst den Aichungsvorschriften bis zur Einführung des metrischen Mass- und Gewichtssystems und der Staatsaichämter in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Universitätsverlag Wagner: Innsbruck, 1883, p. 32.

Sources