Labradorite | |
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Labradorite in a polished rock slab |
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General | |
Category | Feldspar, tectosilicate |
Chemical formula | (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8, where Ca/(Ca + Na) (% anorthite) is between 50%–70% |
Crystal symmetry | Triclinic pinacoidal 1 |
Unit cell | a = 8.155 Å, b = 12.84 Å, c = 10.16 Å; α = 93.5°, β = 116.25°, γ = 89.133°; Z = 6 |
Identification | |
Color | Gray, brown, greenish, blue, yellow, colorless |
Crystal habit | Crystals typically thin and tabular, rhombic in cross section, striated; massive |
Crystal system | Triclinic |
Twinning | Common by Albite, Pericline, Carlsbad, Baveno, or Manebach twin laws |
Cleavage | Perfect on {001}, less perfect on {010}, intersecting at near 90°; distinct on {110} |
Fracture | Uneven to conchoidal |
Mohs scale hardness | 6 – 6.5 |
Luster | Vitreous to pearly on cleavages |
Streak | white |
Diaphaneity | Translucent to transparent |
Specific gravity | 2.68 to 2.72 |
Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
Refractive index | nα = 1.554 - 1.563 nβ = 1.559 - 1.568 nγ = 1.562 - 1.573 |
Birefringence | δ = 0.008 - 0.010 |
2V angle | Measured: 85° |
Dispersion | None |
Other characteristics | Labradorescence (iridescent) |
References | [1][2][3] |
Labradorite ((Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8), a feldspar mineral, is an intermediate to calcic member of the plagioclase series. It is usually defined as having "%An" (anorthite) between 50 and 70. The specific gravity ranges from 2.68 to 2.72. The streak is white, like most silicates. The refractive index ranges from 1.559 to 1.573. Twinning is common. As with all plagioclase members the crystal system is triclinic and three directions of cleavage are present two of which form nearly right angle prisms. It occurs as clear, white to gray, blocky to lath shaped grains in common mafic igneous rocks such as basalt and gabbro, as well as in anorthosites.
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The geological type area for labradorite is Paul's Island near the town of Nain in Labrador, Canada. It has also been reported in Norway and various other locations worldwide.[2]
Labradorite occurs in mafic igneous rocks and is the feldspar variety most common in basalt and gabbro. The uncommon anorthosite bodies are composed almost entirely of labradorite.[4] It also is found in metamorphic amphibolites and as a detrital component of some sediments. Common mineral associates in igneous rocks include olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles and magnetite.[1]
It occurs in large crystal masses in anorthosite and shows a play of colors called labradorescence. The labradorescence, or schiller effect, is the result of light refracting within lamellar intergrowths resulting from phase exsolution on cooling in the Boggild miscibility gap, An48-An58.
Gemstone varieties of labradorite exhibiting a high degree of labradorescence are called spectrolite.