Lymphotoxin beta

Lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)

Identifiers

LTB; TNFC; TNFSF3; p33

External IDs

OMIM: 600978 MGI: 104796 HomoloGene: 1752 GeneCards: LTB Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• receptor binding • cytokine activity • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
Cellular component	• cellular_component • extracellular space • membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process	• immune response • signal transduction • cell-cell signaling • gene expression • skin development • positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process • lymph node development
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 6:
31.66 – 31.66 Mb

Chr 17:
35.33 – 35.33 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta) also known as tumor necrosis factor C (TNF-C) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTB gene.^[1]^[2]^[3]

1 Function
2 Interactions
3 References
4 Further reading

Function

Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lympyhotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.^[3]

Interactions

LTB has been shown to interact with Lymphotoxin alpha.^[4]^[5]^[6]

References

^ Browning JL, Ngam-ek A, Lawton P, DeMarinis J, Tizard R, Chow EP, Hession C, O'Brine-Greco B, Foley SF, Ware CF (Apr 1993). "Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface". Cell 72 (6): 847–56. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90574-A. PMID 7916655.
^ Browning JL, Androlewicz MJ, Ware CF (Sep 1991). "Lymphotoxin and an associated 33-kDa glycoprotein are expressed on the surface of an activated human T cell hybridoma". J Immunol 147 (4): 1230–7. PMID 1714477.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: LTB lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4050.
^ Williams-Abbott, L; Walter B N, Cheung T C, Goh C R, Porter A G, Ware C F (Aug. 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (31): 19451–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9235946.
^ Browning, J L; Sizing I D, Lawton P, Bourdon P R, Rennert P D, Majeau G R, Ambrose C M, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths D A, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin C D, Hochman P S (Oct. 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 159 (7): 3288–98. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 9317127.
^ Browning, J L; Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon P R, Ehrenfels B N, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia A M, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan. 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 154 (1): 33–46. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 7995952.

Messer G, Spengler U, Jung MC, et al. (1991). "Polymorphic structure of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus: an NcoI polymorphism in the first intron of the human TNF-beta gene correlates with a variant amino acid in position 26 and a reduced level of TNF-beta production.". J. Exp. Med. 173 (1): 209–19. doi:10.1084/jem.173.1.209. PMC 2118757. PMID 1670638. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2118757.
Abraham LJ, Du DC, Zahedi K, et al. (1991). "Haplotypic polymorphisms of the TNFB gene.". Immunogenetics 33 (1): 50–3. doi:10.1007/BF00211695. PMID 1671667.
Nedwin GE, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, et al. (1985). "Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization.". Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (17): 6361–73. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6361. PMC 321958. PMID 2995927. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=321958.
Holzinger I, de Baey A, Messer G, et al. (1995). "Cloning and genomic characterization of LST1: a new gene in the human TNF region.". Immunogenetics 42 (5): 315–22. doi:10.1007/BF00179392. PMID 7590964.
Peelman LJ, Chardon P, Nunes M, et al. (1995). "The BAT1 gene in the MHC encodes an evolutionarily conserved putative nuclear RNA helicase of the DEAD family.". Genomics 26 (2): 210–8. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80203-X. PMID 7601445.
Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, et al. (1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors.". J. Immunol. 154 (1): 33–46. PMID 7995952.
Albertella MR, Campbell RD (1994). "Characterization of a novel gene in the human major histocompatibility complex that encodes a potential new member of the I kappa B family of proteins.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (5): 793–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.5.793. PMID 8081366.
Iris FJ, Bougueleret L, Prieur S, et al. (1993). "Dense Alu clustering and a potential new member of the NF kappa B family within a 90 kilobase HLA class III segment.". Nat. Genet. 3 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1038/ng0293-137. PMID 8499947.
Nakamura T, Tashiro K, Nazarea M, et al. (1996). "The murine lymphotoxin-beta receptor cDNA: isolation by the signal sequence trap and chromosomal mapping.". Genomics 30 (2): 312–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9872. PMID 8586432.
Utans U, Quist WC, McManus BM, et al. (1996). "Allograft inflammatory factory-1. A cytokine-responsive macrophage molecule expressed in transplanted human hearts.". Transplantation 61 (9): 1387–92. doi:10.1097/00007890-199605150-00018. PMID 8629302.
Nalabolu SR, Shukla H, Nallur G, et al. (1997). "Genes in a 220-kb region spanning the TNF cluster in human MHC.". Genomics 31 (2): 215–22. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0034. PMID 8824804.
Laham N, Van Dunné F, Abraham LJ, et al. (1997). "Tumor necrosis factor-beta in human pregnancy and labor.". J. Reprod. Immunol. 33 (1): 53–69. doi:10.1016/S0165-0378(97)01012-7. PMID 9185077.
Warzocha K, Renard N, Charlot C, et al. (1997). "Identification of two lymphotoxin beta isoforms expressed in human lymphoid cell lines and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238 (2): 273–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7277. PMID 9299492.
Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, et al. (1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes.". J. Immunol. 159 (7): 3288–98. PMID 9317127.
de Baey A, Fellerhoff B, Maier S, et al. (1998). "Complex expression pattern of the TNF region gene LST1 through differential regulation, initiation, and alternative splicing.". Genomics 45 (3): 591–600. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4963. PMID 9367684.
Shiina T, Tamiya G, Oka A, et al. (1998). "Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the 146-kilobase segment around the IkBL and MICA genes at the centromeric end of the HLA class I region.". Genomics 47 (3): 372–82. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5114. PMID 9480751.
Bodor J, Habener JF (1998). "Role of transcriptional repressor ICER in cyclic AMP-mediated attenuation of cytokine gene expression in human thymocytes.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (16): 9544–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.16.9544. PMID 9545284.
Neville MJ, Campbell RD (1999). "A new member of the Ig superfamily and a V-ATPase G subunit are among the predicted products of novel genes close to the TNF locus in the human MHC.". J. Immunol. 162 (8): 4745–54. PMID 10202016.

Cell signaling: cytokines

By family

Chemokine

CCL	CCL1 · CCL2/MCP-1 · CCL3/MIP-1α · CCL4/MIP-1β · CCL5/RANTES · CCL6 · CCL7 · CCL8 · CCL9 · CCL11 · CCL12 · CCL13 · CCL14 · CCL15 · CCL16 · CCL17 · CCL18 · CCL19 · CCL20 · CCL21 · CCL22 · CCL23 · CCL24 · CCL25 · CCL26 · CCL27 · CCL28

CXCL	CXCL1/KC · CXCL2 · CXCL3 · CXCL4 · CXCL5 · CXCL6 · CXCL7 · CXCL8/IL8 · CXCL9 · CXCL10 · CXCL11 · CXCL12 · CXCL13 · CXCL14 · CXCL15 · CXCL16 · CXCL17

CX3CL	CX3CL1

XCL	XCL1 · XCL2

TNF

TNFA · Lymphotoxin (TNFB/LTA, TNFC/LTB) · TNFSF4 · TNFSF5/CD40LG · TNFSF6 · TNFSF7 · TNFSF8 · TNFSF9 · TNFSF10 · TNFSF11 · TNFSF13B · EDA

Interleukin

Type I
(grouped by
receptor
subunit)

γ-chain	IL2/IL15 · IL4/IL13 · IL7 · IL9 · IL21

β-chain	IL3 · IL5 · GM-CSF

IL6 like/gp130	IL6 · IL11 · IL27 · IL30 · IL31 (+non IL OSM, LIF, CNTF, CTF1)

IL-12 family/IL12RB1	IL12 · IL23 · IL27 · IL35

Other	IL14 · IL16 · IL32 · IL34

Type II

IL-10 family

IL10/IL22 · IL19 · IL20 · IL24 · IL26 · Interferon type III (IL28/IFNL2+3 · IL29/IFNL1)

Interferon

I	IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17, IFNA21, IFNB1, IFNK, IFNW1

II	IFNG

Ig superfamily

IL-1 family: IL1A/IL1F1 · IL1B/IL1F2 · 1Ra/IL1F3 · IL1F5 · IL1F6 · IL1F7 · IL1F8 · IL1F9 · IL1F10 · 33/IL1F11 · 18/IL1G

IL-17 family

IL17/IL25 (IL17A)

Other

Hematopoietic (KITLG, Colony-stimulating factor) · SPP1

By function/
cell

proinflammatory cytokine (IL1, TNFA)

Monokine · Lymphokine (T_h1 (IFNG and TNFB) · T_h2 (IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL13) )

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

Lymphotoxin beta

Contents

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading