The SuperDisk, sometimes marketed as LS-120 and a later variant LS-240, is a high-speed, high-capacity alternative to the 90 mm (3.5 in), 1.44 MB floppy disk. The Superdisk hardware was introduced by 3M's storage products group (later known as Imation) circa 1997. Imation mainly sold Matsushita-built drives under the SuperDisk name; other companies tended to use the LS-120 name, and sold the Mitsubishi drives. However, the system was not a huge success. Few OEMs supported it, aside from Compaq.
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The design of the SuperDisk system came from an early 1990s project at Iomega. It is one of the last examples of floptical technology, where lasers are used to guide a magnetic head which is much smaller than those used in traditional floppy disk drives. Iomega orphaned the project around the time they decided to release the Zip drive in 1994. The idea eventually ended up at 3M, where the concept was refined and the design was licensed to established floppy drive makers Matsushita (Panasonic) and Mitsubishi. Other companies involved in the development of SuperDisk included Compaq and OR Technology.
Matsushita continued development of the technology and released the LS-240, which was still fairly available in Asia and Australia until 2003 but is now quite rare. It has double the capacity and the added feature of being able to format regular floppy disks to 32 MB capacity. However, this higher density comes at a price - the entire disk must be rewritten any time a change is made, much like early CD-RW media.
A SuperDisk drive was used in two Panasonic digital cameras, the PV-SD4090 and PV-SD5000, which allowed them to use both SuperDisk (LS120) and 3.5" floppy disks as the memory media.
The SuperDisk's format was designed to supersede the floppy disk with its higher-capacity media that imitated the then ubiquitous format with its own 120MB (and later 240MB) disk storage while the SuperDisk drive itself was backwards compatible with 1.44 MB and 720 KB floppy formats (MFM). Superdisk drives read and write faster to these sorts of disks than conventional 1.44 MB or 720 KB floppy drives, due to the faster IDE interface. The newer LS-240 drives also have the ability to read and write regular 1.44 MB floppies at much higher densities.
The true capacity of these "120 MB" drives [1] is 120.375 MiB (963/8/32 CHS × 512). The "240 MB" drives have a true capacity of 240.750 MiB.
SuperDisk drives have been sold in parallel port, USB, ATAPI and SCSI variants. All drives can read and write 1.44 MB (an abbreviation of 1440 KiB) and 720 KiB MFM floppies, as used on PCs, Apple Macintoshes (High Density format only, see below), and many workstations.
Imation also released a version of the SuperDisk with "Secured Encryption Technology" which uses Blowfish with a 64 bit key to encrypt the contents.
Apple Macintosh users' primary complaint was that the SuperDisk drive cannot read the GCR 800K or 400K diskettes used by older Macintoshes. These disks could be used in the SuperDisk drive on a Mac, but only if formatted to PC 720K MFM format.
The biggest hurdle standing in the way of success was that Iomega's Zip drive had been out for 3 years at that point. It had enough popularity to leave the public uninterested in SuperDisk technology despite its superior design and its compatibility with the standard floppy disk.
By 2000, the entire removable magnetic disk category quickly faced obsolescence by the falling prices of CD-R and CD-RW drives and solid-state (USB flash drives or USB keydrives), and the SuperDisk was no exception; it has since been quietly discontinued, as were the other special disks, which are becoming hard to find.
Under Windows XP, a USB-based SuperDisk drive will appear as a 3.5" floppy disk drive, receiving either the drive letter A: (if there is no floppy in the machine) or B: (if there already is one). This enables use by software that expects a floppy drive when 1.44MB or 720KB disks are inserted. 120MB disks are also accessed via A: or B:.
LS-120 and LS-240 USB models were quite popular for debugging and installing servers that did not have a CD drive available. They could both store massive amounts of drivers for installation purposes as well as be used to run live operating systems, such as ReactOS, which is 150MB. Even today, this is widely used on discontinued servers without CD/DVD drives and external HD or flash support and that can only otherwise boot from A:/, B:/ if the hard drive is not operational.