| Manufacturer | General Motors |
|---|---|
| Also called | Alloytec V6 |
| Production | 2004– |
| Predecessor | 54° V6 |
| Dry weight | 168 kg (370 lb) (3.6 V6 High Feature engine)[1] |
The 3600 LY7 (and derivative LP1) are members of General Motors' new High Feature (or HFV6) engine family of modern DOHC V6s. This new family of engines was introduced in 2004 with the Cadillac CTS. Holden sells the HFV6 under the name Alloytec. The High Feature moniker on the Holden produced engine is reserved for the twin cam phasing High output version. The block was designed to be expandable from 2.8 L to 4.0 L.
It is a 60° 24-valve design with aluminum block and heads and Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection. Most versions feature continuously variable cam phasing on both intake and exhaust valves and electronic throttle control. Other features include piston oil-jet capability, forged and fillet rolled crankshaft, sinter forged connecting rods, a variable intake manifold, twin knock control sensors and coil-on-plug ignition. It was developed by the same international team responsible for the Ecotec, including the Opel engineers responsible for the 54° V6, with involvement with design and development engineering from Ricardo, Inc.
High Feature V6 engines are produced at Fishermans Bend in Port Melbourne, Australia, St. Catharines in Canada, and Flint Engine South in Flint, Michigan, United States. The assembly lines for the St. Catharines and Flint, Michigan facilities were manufactured by Hirata Corporation at their powertrain facility in Kumamoto, Japan.
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The HFV6 was first designed, tested and produced in a joint team by Cadillac and Holden. A majority of design into the new alloy construction, transmission pairing and first use in production were all undertaken in Detroit (and manufactured in St. Catharines). Holden had the job of developing smaller engines (Holden 3.2, LP1 and LP9 Turbo) as well as their own Holden 3.6 HFV6 (called the Alloytec V6) for local models.
Cadillac and Holden both tested variations of these engines in US and Australia. North America and Australia remain the only two places that manufacture the HFV6.
A 2.8 L (2792 cc) LP1 variant was introduced in the 2005 Cadillac CTS. It has a 3.50 in (89.0 mm) bore, a 2.94 in (74.8 mm) stroke, and a 10.0:1 compression ratio. The LP1 was built in Saint Catharines, Ontario.
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005–2007 | Cadillac CTS | 210 hp (157 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 194 lb·ft (263 N·m) @ 3300 rpm |
The LP9 is a 2.8 L turbocharged version used for the Saab 9-3 and other GM vehicles. It has the same bore and stroke as the naturally aspirated LP1, however the compression ratio is reduced to 9.5:1. GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain) was responsible for turbocharging the engine and it is built in Port Melbourne, Australia. Note that 'global' versions use the same horsepower rating for both metric and imperial markets (using imperial horsepowers) while Europe only versions are rated in metric horsepowers. Max torque are without torque limits used in some versions.
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Opel Vectra / Opel Signum | 230 hp (171 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 330 Nm (243 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2005 | Opel Vectra OPC / Opel Signum OPC | 250 PS (184 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 350 Nm (258 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2006–2008 | 280 PS (206 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 355 Nm (295 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm | |
| 2006–2009 | Cadillac BLS | 250 hp (186 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 350 Nm (258 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2006–2008 | Saab 9-3 Aero | 280 hp (210 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 400 Nm (295 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2009 | 280 hp (210 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 400 Nm (295 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm | |
| 2008 | Saab 9-3 Turbo X | 280 hp (210 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 400 Nm (295 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2009–present | Opel Insignia | 250 hp (186 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 350 Nm (258 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2008 | Saab 9-3 Aero Convertible | 255 hp (191 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 350 Nm (228 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2009 | Saab 9-3 Aero Convertible | 280 hp (210 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 370 Nm (273 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2009–present | Opel Insignia | 260 PS (191 kW; 256 hp) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 350 Nm (258 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2009–present | Opel Insignia OPC | 325 PS (239 kW; 321 hp) EEC @ 5250 rpm | 435 Nm (320 ft lbf) EEC @ 1900-4500 rpm |
| 2010–present | Saab 9-5 | 300 hp (221 kW) EEC @ 5500 rpm | 400 Nm (295 ft lbf) EEC @ 2000 rpm |
The LAU is GM's new code for the LP9 Turbo engine, its usage starting with the 2010 Cadillac SRX.[2] In 2011, production of the Cadillac SRX with the LAU engine ceased, but the engine will still be used in the Saab 9-4X from 2011 onwards. [3][4]
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Cadillac SRX | 300 hp (221 kW) SAE @ 5500 rpm | 295 ft lbf (400 Nm) SAE @ 2000 rpm |
| 2011-present | Saab 9-4X | 300 hp (221 kW) SAE @ 5500 rpm | 295 ft lbf (400 Nm) SAE @ 2000 rpm |
The LF1 is a 3.0 liter version equipped with Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI).
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Buick LaCrosse | 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) | 217 lb·ft (294 N·m) |
| 2010–2011 | Cadillac CTS | 270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 7000 rpm | 223 lb·ft (302 N·m) @ 5700 rpm |
| 2010–2011 | Cadillac SRX[5] | 265 hp (198 kW; 269 PS) @ 6950 rpm | 223 lb·ft (302 N·m) @ 5100 rpm |
| 2010 | Chevrolet Equinox | 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) | 222 lb·ft (301 N·m) |
| 2010 | GMC Terrain | 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) | 222 lb·ft (301 N·m) |
| 2010 | Holden Commodore | 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6700 rpm | 214 lb·ft (290 N·m) @ 2900 rpm |
| 2011–present | Saab 9-4X [6] | 265 hp (198 kW; 269 PS) @ 6950 rpm | 223 lb·ft (302 N·m) @ 5100 rpm |
| 2011 | Chevrolet Captiva | 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6900 rpm | 212 lb·ft (288 N·m) @ 5800 rpm |
The LFW is a flexible fuel version of the LF1, capable of running on E85, gasoline, or any mixture of the two. Output is identical to the LF1.
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011–present | Chevrolet Equinox | 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) | 222 ft·lbf (301 N·m) |
| 2011–present | GMC Terrain | 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) | 222 ft·lbf (301 N·m) |
| 2012 | Cadillac CTS | 270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 7000 rpm | 223 lb·ft (302 N·m) @ 5700 rpm |
| 2012 | Chevrolet Captiva Sport | 264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) | 222 ft·lbf (301 N·m) |
Holden has built its own 3.2 L version of the High Feature engine in Australia. Branded with the Alloytec name like the 3.6 litre version, this version produces 227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) at 6600 rpm and 297 N·m (219 lb·ft) at 3200 rpm. Fuel economy 4–6 km/liter in city, 7–9 km/liter on highway.
Applications:
Alfa Romeo used the High Feature engine design, though with many modifications, as the JTS V6. The Alfa unit operates with a lean burn system up to about 1500 rpm,[7] as on many other engines from the company. It displaces 3.2 L (3195 cc) and has an output of 260 PS (190 kW; 260 hp) at 6200 rpm and 322 N·m (237 ft·lbf) torque, with gasoline direct injection allowing a high compression ratio of 11.25:1. The engine is also equipped with cam-phasing on both inlet and exhaust side, thus the name "TwinPhaser".
Alfa Romeo only acquires the core designs and productions of the HFV6. It is then taken to their factory and modified for their performance, fuel economy and sound characteristics.
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005–2010 | Alfa Romeo 159 | 191 kW (260 PS; 256 hp) @6200 rpm | 322 N·m (237 lb·ft) @3800 rpm |
| 2006–2010 | Alfa Romeo 159 Sportwagon | 191 kW (260 PS; 256 hp) @6200 rpm | 322 N·m (237 lb·ft) @3800 rpm |
| 2005–2010 | Alfa Romeo Brera | 191 kW (260 PS; 256 hp) @6200 rpm | 322 N·m (237 lb·ft) @3800 rpm |
| 2006–2010 | Alfa Romeo Spider | 191 kW (260 PS; 256 hp) @6200 rpm | 322 N·m (237 lb·ft) @3800 rpm |
The 3.6 L (3564 cc) LY7 version was introduced in the 2004 Cadillac CTS sedan. It has a 10.2:1 compression ratio, a bore of 3.70 in (94.0 mm) and a stroke of 3.37 in (85.6 mm). Lower powered versions only have variable cam phasing on the inlet cam. Selected models also include variable exhaust. The engine weighs 370 lb (170 kg) as installed.
This engine is produced in several locations, including Saint Catharines (Ontario), Flint Engine South (Michigan), Melbourne (Australia), Ramos Arizpe (Mexico), and Suzuki (Japan).
A dual fuel 235 hp (175 kW) version able to run on petrol and autogas (LPG) has also been produced by Holden in Australia.
Applications:[8]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004–2007 | Buick Rendezvous CXL/Ultra | 242 hp (180 kW) @ 6000 rpm | 232 lb·ft (315 N·m) @ 3500 rpm |
| 2004–2007 | Cadillac CTS | 255 hp (190 kW) @ 6200 rpm | 252 lb·ft (342 N·m) @ 3100 rpm |
| 2004–2009 | Cadillac SRX | 255 hp (190 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 254 lb·ft (344 N·m) @ 2800 rpm |
| 2004–2005 | Holden VZ Commodore | 235 hp (175 kW) @ 6000 rpm | 236 lb·ft (320 N·m) @ 2800 rpm |
| 2006–2007 | 231 hp (172 kW) @ 6000 rpm | 236 lb·ft (320 N·m) @ 2800 rpm | |
| 2004–2005 | Holden VZ Commodore SV6 | 255 hp (190 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2006–2007 | 255 hp (190 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 247 lb·ft (335 N·m) @ 3200 rpm | |
| 2005–2008 | Buick LaCrosse CXS | 240 hp (179 kW) @ 6000 rpm | 225 lb·ft (305 N·m) @ 2000 rpm |
| 2005–2007 | Cadillac STS | 255 hp (190 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 252 lb·ft (342 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2006–2007 | Holden VE Commodore Omega | 240 hp (179 kW) @ 6000 rpm | 243 lb·ft (329 N·m) @ 2600 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | 235 hp (175 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 240 lb·ft (325 N·m) @ 2400 rpm | |
| 2006–2009 | Holden VE Commodore SV6 | 261 hp (195 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 2600 rpm |
| 2006–2009 | Holden WM Statesman/Caprice | 262 hp (195 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 250 lb·ft (339 N·m) @ 2600 rpm |
| 2006–present | Holden Rodeo/Colorado | 211 hp (157 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 231 lb·ft (313 N·m) @ 2600 rpm |
| 2007–2008 | GMC Acadia | 275 hp (205 kW) @ 6600 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2007 | Pontiac G6 GTP | 252 hp (188 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2007–2009 | Saturn Aura XR | 252 hp (188 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2007–2008 | Saturn Outlook XE single exhaust | 270 hp (201 kW) @ 6600 rpm | 248 lb·ft (336 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2007–2008 | Saturn Outlook XR dual exhaust | 275 hp (205 kW) @ 6600 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2008 | Buick Enclave | 275 hp (205 kW) @ 6600 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Cadillac CTS | 263 hp (196 kW) @ 6400 rpm | 253 lb·ft (343 N·m) @ 3100 rpm |
| 2008–2012 | Chevrolet Malibu | 252 hp (188 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Chevrolet Equinox Sport | 264 hp (197 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 250 lb·ft (339 N·m) @ 2300 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Pontiac G6 GXP | 252 hp (188 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 251 lb·ft (340 N·m) @ 3200 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Pontiac G8 | 256 hp (191 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 248 lb·ft (336 N·m) @ 2100 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Pontiac Torrent GXP | 264 hp (197 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 250 lb·ft (339 N·m) @ 2300 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Saturn Vue XR / Red Line | 257 hp (192 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 248 lb·ft (336 N·m) @ 2100 rpm |
The 3.6 litre (3564 cc) LLT is a direct injected version based on the earlier LY7 engine. It was first unveiled in May 2006, and the DI version was claimed to have 15 percent greater power, 8 percent greater torque, and 3 percent better fuel economy than its port-injected counterpart. The LLT engine has a compression ratio of 11.4:1, and has been certified by the SAE to produce 302 horsepower (225 kW) at 6300 rpm and 272 lb·ft (369 N·m) of torque at 5200 rpm on regular unleaded (87 octane) gasoline. This engine debuted on the 2008 Cadillac STS and CTS.[9][10] GM will use a LLT in all 2009 Lambda-derived crossover SUVs to allow class-leading fuel economy in light of the new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. In the Lambdas, LLT engine produces 288 horsepower (215 kW) and 270 lb·ft (366 N·m) of torque.[11][12][13]
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008–2011 | Cadillac CTS | 304 hp (227 kW) @ 6400 rpm | 273 lb·ft (370 N·m) @ 5200 rpm |
| 2008–2011 | Cadillac STS | 302 hp (225 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 272 lb·ft (369 N·m) @ 5200 rpm |
| 2009–present | Buick Enclave | 288 hp (215 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 270 lb·ft (366 N·m) @ 3400 rpm |
| 2009–present | Chevrolet Traverse single exhaust | 281 hp (210 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 266 lb·ft (361 N·m) @ 3400 rpm |
| 2009–present | Chevrolet Traverse dual exhaust | 288 hp (215 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 270 lb·ft (366 N·m) @ 3400 rpm |
| 2009–present | GMC Acadia | 288 hp (215 kW) | 270 lb·ft (366 N·m) |
| 2009 | Saturn Outlook single exhaust | 281 hp (210 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 266 lb·ft (361 N·m) @ 3400 rpm |
| 2009 | Saturn Outlook dual exhaust | 288 hp (215 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 270 lb·ft (366 N·m) @ 3400 rpm |
| 2009–present | Daewoo Veritas | ||
| 2009–present | Holden VE Commodore SV6 | 281 hp (210 kW) @ 6400 rpm | 258 lb·ft (350 N·m) @ 2900 rpm |
| 2009–present | Holden WM Statesman/Caprice | 281 hp (210 kW) @ 6400 rpm | |
| 2010–2011 | Buick LaCrosse CXS | 280 hp (210 kW) @ 6300 rpm | 259 lb·ft (351 N·m) @ 4800 rpm |
| 2010 | Chevrolet Camaro | 304 hp (227 kW) @ 6400 rpm | 273 lb·ft (370 N·m) @ 5200 rpm |
| 2011 | Chevrolet Camaro | 312 hp (233 kW) @ 6400 rpm | 278 lb·ft (377 N·m) @ 5200 rpm |
The LFX is an enhanced version of the LLT engine. Introduced in the 2012 Chevrolet Camaro LS, it is 20.5 pounds (9.3 kg) lighter than the LLT, due to a redesigned cylinder head and integrated exhaust manifold, and composite intake manifold. Other components like the fuel injectors, intake valves, and fuel pump have also been updated. Power and torque are up slightly from the LLT. The compression ratio is 11.5:1.
Applications:
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Chevrolet Camaro | 323 hp (241 kW) @ 6800 rpm | 278 lb·ft (377 N·m) @ 4800 rpm |
| 2012 | Buick LaCrosse | 303 hp (226 kW) | 264 lb·ft (358 N·m) |
| 2012 | Cadillac CTS | 318 hp (237 kW) @ 6800 rpm | 275 lb·ft (373 N·m) @ 4900 rpm |
| 2012 | Cadillac SRX | 308 hp (230 kW) @ 6800 rpm | 265 lb·ft (359 N·m) @ 2400 rpm |
| 2012 | Chevrolet Caprice PPV | 301 hp (224 kW) @ 6700 rpm | 265 lb·ft (359 N·m) @ 4800 rpm |
| 2012 | Chevrolet Impala | 300 hp (220 kW) @ 6500 rpm | 262 lb·ft (355 N·m) @ 5300 rpm |
| 2013 | Cadillac XTS | 300 hp (220 kW) @ 6800 rpm | 264 lb·ft (358 N·m) @ 5300 rpm |
The 3.6 litre (3564 cc) LCS is derived from the direct-injected LLT for use in hybrids, using the two-mode system.[14] Differences from the LLT include a slightly lower compression ratio, 11.3:1, and lower power and torque peaks. It was to debut in the 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid, where it would make 262 hp (195 kW) at 6100 rpm and 250 lb·ft (339 N·m) of torque at 4800 rpm. [15] Fuel economy 6–8 km/liter in city, 9–11 km/liter on highway Applications:
Suzuki builds the High Feature V6 at its Sagara, Japan plant for the Suzuki XL7 SUV under license from General Motors. Displacing 3.6 L, this engine produces 252 hp (188 kW) at 6500 rpm and 243 lb·ft (329 N·m) at 2300 rpm. Fuel economy 4–6 km/liter in city, 7–9 km/liter.
Applications:
On March 21, 2007 it was reported by AutoWeek that GM is planning to develop a 60-degree V12 based on this engine family to power the top version of Cadillac's upcoming flagship sedan. This Cadillac would essentially have two 3.6 L High Feature V6s attached crankshaft-to-crankshaft and would feature such high-end technologies as direct injection and cylinder deactivation. If so, the twin-engine would displace 7.2 liters, and produce approximately 600 hp (447 kW) and 540 lb·ft (732 N·m) of torque. Development of the engine was reportedly being conducted in Australia by Holden. [16]
In August, 2008, GM announced that development of the V12 had been canceled. [17]