Kyrgyz alphabets

The Kyrgyz alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Kyrgyz language. The Kyrgyz language uses the following alphabets:

The Arabic script was traditionally used to write Kyrgyz before the introduction of the first Latin-based alphabets in 1927. Today an Arabic alphabet is used in China.[1] The Uniform Turkic Alphabet was used in the USSR in the 1930s until its replacement by a Cyrillic script. The Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet is the alphabet used in Kyrgyzstan. It contains 36 letters: 33 from the Russian alphabet with 3 additional letters for sounds of the Kyrgyz language: Ң, Ү, Ө.

Contents

Correspondence chart

Correspondence chart of three Kyrgyz alphabets: the Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet used in Kyrgyzstan, the Kyrgyz Latin alphabet used 1928–1930 in Kyrgyzstan, and the Kyrgyz Arabic alphabet used in Xinjiang.

Cyrillic Name (in Cyrillic) Arabic[2] Transliteration Latin
(1928—1940)		 IPA transcription
А а а ا A a A a /ɑ/
Б б бе ب B b B в /b/, [w], [v]
В в ве ۋ V v V v /v/
Г г ге گ
ع*		 G g G g, Ƣ ƣ /ɡ/ [ʁ]
Д д де د D d D d /d/
Е е e ه E e E e /je/, /e/
Ё ё ё يو Yo yo Yo yo /jo/
Ж ж же ج J j Ç ç (Ƶ ƶ from 1938) /dʒ/
З з зе ز Z z Z z /z/
И и и ى İ i I i /i/
Й й ий ي Y y J j /j/
К к кa ك
ق*		 K k K k, Q q /k/, [q], [χ]
Л л эл ل L l L l /l/
М м эм م M m M m /m/
Н н эн ن N n N n /n/
Ң ң ың ڭ Ñ ñ Ŋ ŋ /ŋ/
О о о و O o O o /o/
Ө ө ө ۅ Ö ö Ɵ ɵ /ø/
П п пe پ P p P p /p/
Р р эр ر R r R r /r/
С с эс س S s S s /s/
Т т те ت T t T t /t/
У у у ۇ U u U u /u/
Ү ү ү ۉ Ü ü Y y /y/
Ф ф эф ف F f F f /f/
Х х ха ح H h X x (H h before 1938) [χ] /k/
Ц ц це تس C c Ts ts /ts/
Ч ч че چ Ç ç C c /tʃ/
Ш ш ша ش Ş ş Ş ş /ʃ/
Щ щ ща - Şç şç Şc şc /ʃtʃ/, /ʃː/
Ъ ъ ажыратуу белгиси - - - (no phonemic value; only found in borrowings)
Ы ы ы ى İ i Ь ь /ɯ/
Ь ь ичкертүү белгиси - - - (no phonemic value; only found in borrowings)
Э э э ه É é E e /e/
Ю ю ю يۋ Yu yu Yu yu /ju/, /jy/
Я я я يا Ya ya Ya ya /ja/, /jɑ/

Text sample

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [3]

Kyrgyz in
Cyrillic script		 Kyrgyz in
Arabic script		 Kyrgyz in
Latin script		 English
Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң-сезими менен абийири бар жана бири-бирине бир туугандык мамиле кылууга тийиш. باردىق ادامدار ۅز بەدەلىندە جانا ۇقۇقتارىندا ەركىن جانا تەڭ ۇقۇقتۇۇ بولۇپ جارالات.۔ الاردىن اڭ-سەزىمى مەنەن ابئيىرى بار جانا بئرى-بئرىنە بئر تۇۇعاندىق مامئلە قىلۇۇعا تئيىش. Bardık adamdar öz bedelinde jana ukuktarında érkin jana teñ ukuktuu bolup jaralat. Alardın añ-sezimi menen abiyiri bar jana biri-birine bir tuugandık mamile kıluuga tiyiş. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Arabic

Name in Kyrgyz Transliteration IPA Final Medial Initial Isolated
a [a] ﺎ ﺎ ا
b [b] ﺐ ﺒ ﺑ ﺏ
p [p] ﭗ ﭙ ﭙ پ
n [n] ﻦ ﻨ ﻧ ﻥ
t [t] ﺖ ﺘ ﺗ ﺕ
j [ʒ] ﺞ ﺠ ﺟ ﺝ
č / ch [t͡ʃ] ﭻ ﭽ ﭼ ﭺ
ĥ / x [χ] ﺢ ﺤ ﺣ ﺡ
f [ɸ] ﻒ ﻔ ﻓ ﻑ
q [q] ﻖ ﻘ ﻗ ﻕ
ġ [ʁ] ﻊ ﻌ ﻋ ﻉ
k [k~q] ﮏ ﮑ ﮐ ک
g [ɡ~ʁ] ﮓ ﮕ ﮔ گ
ṅ / ng [ŋ] ڭ
l [l] ﻞ ﻠ ﻟ ﻝ
m [m] ﻢ ﻤ ﻣ ﻡ
o [o] ﻮ ﻮ و و
ö / oe [ø] ۅ
u [u] ۉ
ü [y] ﯗ
v [v] ﯞ
s [s] ﺲ ﺴ ﺳ ﺱ
š / sh [ʃ] ﺶ ﺸ ﺷ ﺵ
d [d] ﺪ ﺪ ﺩ ﺩ
r [r] ﺮ ﺮ ﺭ ﺭ
z [z] ﺰ ﺰ ﺯ ﺯ
e [je/e] ﻪ ﻬ ﻫ ﻩ
ı(b) - ﻯ
o(f) [y] ﯗﺀ
i(f) ﻰﺋ
y [j] ي ﻴ ﻳ ﻲ
i/ı ﻯ ﻯ
- ء
() (la) ([]) () () () (ﻻ)

See also

References

  1. ^ Minglang Zhou (2003). Multilingualism in China: the politics of writing reforms for minority languages, 1949-2002. Volume 89 of Contributions to the sociology of language (illustrated ed.). Published Walter de Gruyter. p. 149. ISBN 3110178966. http://books.google.com/books?id=joE5ZASNCGYC&pg=PA149&dq=kirgiz+arabic+script+shares+the+major&hl=en&ei=cDMlTbuPLsKblgePg8XHAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=kirgiz%20arabic%20script%20shares%20the%20major&f=false. Retrieved 2011-01-01. 
  2. ^ Kyrgyz alphabet, language and pronunciation
  3. ^ Kyrgyz edition of Universal Declaration of Human Rights

External links