Kumanovo dialect
The Kumanovo dialect (Macedonian: Кумановски дијалект, Kumanovski dijalekt) is a member of the eastern subgroup of the Northern group of dialects of the Macedonian language. It belongs to the so called Prizren-Timok dialects, also known as Torlakian.[1] The dialect is typical for the northern dialect of the Macedonian language and is very well known because of the use of some cases, such as the locative case. The Kumanovo dialect is spoken mainly in the city of Kumanovo and the surrounding villages. The dialect is closely related with the neighboring Kriva Palanka dialect. The Kumanovo dialect can be found in the literal works, such as the famous play Lenče Kumanovče written by Vasil Iljoski in1928.[2] The Kumanovo dialect is especially popular sources of humor in the spoken media, whereas the print media tend to favor West dialect forms forhumorous anecdotes, quotations in local news stories.[3] The most significant example where Kumanovo dialect is used in humorous way is the festival Tumba Fest.
Phonological characteristics
- use of A instead of E: трева / treva > трава / trava;
- use of the letter U instead of the letter A: рака / raka > рука / ruka (hand) , пат / pat > пут / put (road);
- the old vocal L is changed with U/ LU/ LA: волк / volk > вук / vuk (wolf), сонце / sonce > сл'нце / sl'nce (sun).
- use of palatal J at the beginning of the word: јазик / jazik > език / ezik (tongue), еж / ež > јеж / jež.[4]
Morphological characteristics
- use of the suffix -V in third-person plural: тие имаа / tie imaa > они имав / oni imav (they had);
- complete disappearance of the letter H in some words: сиромаа / siromaa (poor);
- use of the suffix E for plural instead of the suffix -I: торби/ torbi > торбе / torbe (bags).
- Use of KUDE instead of KADE (where).
- Use of the forms gu and ga instead of the forms go and i: њега га виде / njega ga vide (I saw him).[5]
Personal pronouns
singular:
- Ја / ја (I)
- Ти / ti (you)
- Он / on (he)
- Она / ona (she)
- Оно / ono (it)
plural:
- Ми / mi (we)
- Ви / vi (you)
- Они / oni (they)
Examples of the dialect
- Три невесте тикве брале, бре
- три невесте тикве брале, бре
- три невесте тикве брале, бре, бре, бре
- тикве брале, бре.
- Куде брале туј заспале, бре
- куде брале туј заспале, бре
- куде брале туј заспале, бре, бре, бре
- туј заспале, бре.
Phrases
- Кумановци не се претопуев л’ко, на свој дијалет зборив куде и да су
- Kumanovci ne se pretopuev l'ko, na svoj dijalekt zboriv kude i da su ("The people from Kumanovo cannot be assimilated easily, they speak their own dialect wherever they are")
- Пол’ко ќе научиш англиски да пишуеш и читаш, него ли кумановски
- Pol’ko ḱe naučiš angliski da pišueš i čitaš, nego li kumanovski ("You will learn to write and read English more easily than the Kumanovo dialect")
References
- ^ Balkan Sprachbund morpho-syntactic features, Olga Mišeska Tomić, Springer, 2006, ISBN 1402044879, pp. 118-120.
- ^ p.65,Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001
- ^ e.g.n.m.24.1.82:5, 7 v181, University of Chicago, Library
- ^ p.252,Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001
- ^ p.252- 253,Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001