| Kullu | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken in | India | |||
| Region | Himachal Pradesh | |||
| Native speakers | 109,000 (1997) | |||
| Language family | ||||
| Writing system | Devanagari script | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-3 | kfx | |||
|
||||
Kullu (Kullū, also known as Kuluī) is a Western Pahari language spoken in Himachal Pradesh.
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p pʰ |
b bʱ |
t̪ t̪ʰ |
d̪ d̪ʱ |
ʈ ʈʰ |
ɖ ɖʱ |
k kʰ |
ɡ ɡʱ |
ʔ | |||||
| Affricate | ts tsʰ |
dz dzʱ |
c cʰ |
j jʱ |
||||||||||
| Fricative | s | ś | ħ | ɦ | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n̪ | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | |||||||||
| Trill/Flap | r | ɽ | ||||||||||||
| Lateral | l | ɭ | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | y | |||||||||||||
For the stops and affricates there is a four-way distinction in phonation between tenuis /p/, voiced /b/, aspirated /pʰ/ and breathy voiced /bʱ/ series. Thakur (1975, pp. 175–8) lists as separate phonemes aspirated correlates of /ŋ/, /n/, /m/, /j/, /r/, /ɽ/, /l/ and /ɭ/, but describes the aspiration as a voiceless pharyngeal friction. /n̪/ is dental, but becomes alveolar if the next syllable contains a retroflex consonant. /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ are rare, but contrast with the other nasals word-medially between vowels. /ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/, together with their aspirated correlates, don't occur in the beginning of words.[1] The glottal stop occurs only between a vowel and /ɳ/, /n/, /r/ or /l/, e.g. [kɑːʔɭ] "a trumpet", which contrasts with [kɑːɭ] "famine". The pharyngeal fricative /ħ/ historically derives from /s/ and occurs word-finally, e.g. [ɡʱɑːħ] "grass", [biːħ] "twenty".[2]
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||