| Krishna | |
| कृष्णा नदी, కృష్ణా నది, ಕೃಷ್ಣಾ ನದಿ | |
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Krishna River Gorge by Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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| Country | India |
|---|---|
| States | Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh |
| Tributaries | |
| - left | Bhima, Dindi, Peddavagu, Halia, Musi, Paleru, Munneru |
| - right | Venna, Koyna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Tungabhadra |
| Source | Mahabaleswar |
| - elevation | 1,337 m (4,386 ft) |
| - coordinates | |
| Mouth | Bay Of Bengal |
| - elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| - coordinates | [1] |
| Length | 1,300 km (808 mi) approx. |
| Basin | 258,948 km2 (99,980 sq mi) |
| Discharge | for Vijaywada (1901-1979 average), max (2009), min (1997) |
| - average | 1,641.74 m3/s (57,978 cu ft/s) |
| - max | 31,148.53 m3/s (1,100,000 cu ft/s) |
| - min | 13.52 m3/s (477 cu ft/s) |
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The main rivers of India
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The Krishna River (Marathi: कृष्णा नदी, Kannada: ಕೃಷ್ಣಾ ನದಿ, Telugu: కృష్ణా నది), is one of the longest rivers in central-southern India, about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi). It is also referred to as Krishnaveni in its original nomenclature. The Krishna River is the fourth largest river in India after the Ganges, the Godavari and the Narmada.
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Krishna river rises at Mahabaleswar near the Jor village in the extreme north of Wai taluka,district satara, Maharashtra in the west and meets the Bay of Bengal at Hamasaladeevi in Andhra Pradesh, on the east coast. It also flows through the state of Karnataka. The delta of this river is one of the most fertile regions in India and was the home to ancient Satavahana and Ikshvaku Sun Dynasty kings. Vijayawada is the largest city on the River Krishna. Sangli is the largest city on the river Krishna in Maharashtra state .
Ecologically, this is one of the disastrous rivers in the world, in that it causes heavy soil erosion during the monsoon season. It flows fast and furious, often reaching depths of over 75 feet (23 m). Ironically, there is a saying in Marathi (language of Maharashtra) "santh vaahate Krishnamaai" which means "quiet flows Krishna". This term is also used to describe how a person should be, as quiet as Krishna. But, in reality, Krishna causes a high degree of erosion between June and August. During this time, Krishna takes fertile soil from Maharashtra, Karnataka and western Andhra Pradesh towards the delta region.
Its most important tributary is the Tungabhadra River, which is formed by the Tunga River and Bhadra River that originate in the Western Ghats. Other tributaries include the Kudali river, Venna River, Koyna River, Bhima River (and its tributaries such as the Kudali River feeding into the Upper Bhima River Basin), Malaprabha River, Ghataprabha River, Yerla River, Warna River, Dindi River, Paleru River, Musi River, Urmodi River (उरमोडी नदी), Tarli River (तारळी नदी) and Dudhganga River.
The rivers Venna, Koyna, Vasna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha and Tungabhadra join Krishna from the right bank; while the Yerla River, Musi River, Maneru and Bhima rivers join the Krishna from the left bank. Urmodi River (उरमोडी नदी) join Krishna at Kashil (काशीळ), Satara and Tarli River (तारळी नदी) join at Umbraj (उंब्रज) Satara. Kudali River is first Tributaries of Krishna river join at Khadaki.
Three tributaries meet Krishna river near Sangli. Warana River meets Krishna river near Sangli at Haripur. This spot is also known as Sangameshwar. Panchganga River meets Krishna river at Narsobawadi near Sangli. These places are very holy. It is said that Lord Dattatraya spent some of his days at Audumber on the banks of river Krishna. Sangameswaram of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh is a famous pilgrim center for Hindus where Tungabhadra and Bhavanasi rivers join krishna. Sangameswaram temple is now drowned in the Srisailam reservoir and visible for devotees only during summer when the reservoir's water level comes down[2]
The first holy place on the river Krishna is "Dakshin Kashi Wai." the famous for the Mahaganpati Mandir, & Kashivishweshwar temple. also famous for 7 Ghats on the river. Temples like Dattadeva temple, which is very dear to the people of Maharashtra is located on the banks of Krishna at Narasoba Waadi and Audumber near Sangli. Also, Sangameshwar Shiva Temple at Haripur and Ramling Temple are located on the banks of river Krishna near Sangli.
Popular pilgrim spots like Audumber and Narsobawadi are located on the banks of river Krishna near Sangli in Maharashtra state. Kudalasangama is located near Bagalkot, in Karnataka which is an Aikya linga of Basaveshwara. Srisailam, one of the twelve jyotirlingas, has an ancient temple for Lord Shiva.sangameswra swamy temple (seen only during summer) is situated near atmakur. The international Kalachakra festival was celebrated in the presence of Dalai Lama in Amaravati, the capital of imperial Satavahanas who held sway over South India for 400 years and a great seat of Buddhist learning and wisdom. Vijayawada on the left bank of the river has a famous temple situated on Indrakeeladri mountain dedicated to Goddess Kanaka Durga.
There are many popular temples on Krishna River & Wai is also one of the popular & ancient city located on this holy river. There are seven big constructions called " Ghat" on the banks. There is "Krushnabai Utsav" celebrated for 1–2 months during January to February on this ghats. This utsav is celebrated because it is said that, Krushnabai gave Victory to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj against Afzal Khan about 350 years back. There is a big Ganpati mandir constructed in 1764 & it is very popular. The other places at the bank of this river are Satara City, Karad, Sangli etc.
There are many dams constructed across the Krishna river.
Krishna Basin extends over an area of 258,948 square kilometres (99,980 sq mi) which is nearly 8% of total geographical area of the country. The basin lies in the states of Andhra Pradesh (113,271 km2), Karnataka (76,252 km2) and Maharashtra (69,425 km2).
Krishna river rises in the Western Ghats at an elevation of about 1337 m just north of Mahabaleshwar, about 64 km from the Arabian Sea and flows for about 1400 km and outfalls into the Bay of Bengal. The principal tributaries joining Krishna are the Ghataprabha, the Malaprabha, the Bhima, the Tungabhadra and the Musi.
Most part of this basin comprises rolling and undulating country except the western border which is formed by an unbroken line of ranges of the Western Ghats. The important soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, laterite and lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils, red and black soils and saline and alkaline soils.
An average annual surface water potential of 78.1 km³ has been assessed in this basin. Out of this, 58.0 km³ is utilisable water. Culturable area in the basin is about 203,000 km2, which is 10.4% of the total culturable area of the country.
In 2009 October heavy floods occurred, isolating 350 villages and leaving millions homeless,[3] which is believed to be first occurrence in 1000 years. The flood resulted in heavy damage to Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Guntur, Krishna and Nalagonda Districts. The entire city of Kurnool was immersed in approximately 10 feet (3.0 m) water for nearly 3 days.
Water inflow of 1,110,000 cu ft/s (31,000 m3/s)st was recorded at the Prakasam Barriage, which surpassed the previous record of 1,080,000 cu ft/s (31,000 m3/s)recorded in the year 1903.
The ruling Congress government in Andhra Pradesh state attributed the floods to excessive rainfall in the catchment areas of the river upstream of Srisailam dam. However, in the opinion of most experts, and the general public, the floods occurred due to mismanagement on the part of the state government. Influenced by the drought-like situation that had prevailed till the rain event that led to this flood, and to ensure water for irrigation projects in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, the government of the day dithered, while water management experts exhorted it to empty Srisailam reservoir ahead of the expected deluge. This resulted in an unprecedented volume of water backing up behind Srisailam dam, resulting in floods both upstream of the river, and downstream as well, when all the gates of the dam were opened for several days to bring storage at Srisailam back to normal levels. And the villages named Buggamadharam, Vajinepalli, Vellaturu, and Chintriyala were also effected. Mainly Buggamadharam village is surrounded by fully water on 4 sides. The people of this village were shifted to nearby places of factories for help.
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