| Konti–Skan | |
|---|---|
| Location | |
| Country | Denmark, Sweden |
| Coordinates | |
| General direction | south–north–south (bidirectional) |
| From | Vester Hassing (near Aalborg, Denmark) |
| Passes through | Kattegatt |
| To | Lindome (Sweden) |
| Ownership information | |
| Partners | Energinet.dk Svenska Kraftnät |
| Construction information | |
| Manufacturer of conductor/cable | ABB |
| Commissioned | 1965 (Kontiskan 1) 1988 (Kontiskan 2) |
| Decommissioned | 2006 (Kontiskan 1) |
| Technical information | |
| Type | submarine cable |
| Type of current | HVDC |
| Total length | 149 km (93 mi) |
| Power rating | 250 MW (Kontiskan 1) 300 MW (Kontiskan 2) |
| AC Voltage | 130/150 kV (Kontiskan 1) 400 kV (Kontiskan 2; both ends) |
| DC Voltage | 250 kV (Kontiskan 1) 300 kV (Kontiskan 2) |
| Number of poles | 1 |
Konti–Skan (also known as Kontiskan) is the name of high-voltage direct-current transmission line between Denmark and Sweden.
Contents |
The 1965-built Kontiskan 1, which was able to transmit an up to 250 megawatts (MW) of power with an operating voltage of 250 kV, was taken out of operation and was disconnected on 15 August 2006. The 1988-built Kontiskan 2 can transmit 300 MW with a voltage of 285 kV. While Kontiskan 1 used mercury vapor rectifiers in the static inverter plants, Kontiskan 2 uses thyristors.
On the Danish side, the static inverter plant used as well by Konti–Skan 1 and 2 is close to Vester Hassing near Aalborg. From Vester Hassing a 34 kilometres (21 mi) long overhead line with two conductors runs to the cable terminal at the Danish coast near Staesnaes. This line was originally used by the high voltage pole of Konti–Skan 1 and from Vester Hassing until a point a few kilometres south of the cable terminal by the electrode line, which turned there eastwards to the ground electrode at Soera. At implementation of Konti–Skan 2 the whole overhead electrode line was replaced by two 27 kilometres (17 mi) long underground cables and the second conductor of the overhead line got the high-voltage pole of Konti–Skan 2. The 23 kilometres (14 mi) long submarine cable to the Danish island of Laeso starts at Stensnaes and consists of 3 parallel cables. Each of these cables has two copper conductors with a copper cross section of 310 square millimeters. One of these cables was used by Kontiskan 1 and one is used by Kontiskan 2. From the third cable, one conductor was used by Kontiskan 1 and the other is used by Kontiskan 2. Konti–Skan crosses Laeso-Island on a 17 kilometres (11 mi) long overhead line with two conductors. Before the implementation of Konti–Skan 2 both conductors were switched parallel, today one conductor is used for the high voltage pole of Konti–Skan 1, while the other is used by that of Konti–Skan 2. Between Laeso and Sweden each high voltage pole of Konti–Skan uses a monopolar copper cable with a cross section of 1200 square millimetres.
From the Swedish coast a 38 kilometres (24 mi) long overhead power line runs to the converter station of Konti–Skan 1 near Stenkullen. On the first 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) of this line the pylons carry the high-voltage conductors of Kontiskan 1 and 2. East of Brännemysten they carry also the conductor of the electrode line like a ground conductor on the pinnacle, but of course insulated to the structure of the pylons. It comes from the common grounding electrode of Kontiskan 1 and 2 near Risø in the Baltic Sea and runs after a submarine/underground cable section ending at a cable terminal near Brattas northwards as pole line to the high voltage pole line of Konti–Skan at Brännemysten. The Swedish static inverters of Kontiskan are situated at different places: that of Kontiskan 1 at Stenkullen, east of Göteborg and that of Kontiskan 2 near Lindome south of Göteborg and south of the route of Kontiskan 1. The last 30 kilometres (19 mi) of Konti–Skan 1 are installed on guyed aluminum framework pylons with an unusually low weight of only 800 kilograms. These pylons carry 2 conductors, the high-voltage pole and the electrode line of Konti–Skan 1 on insulators of equal length.
Short before the end of the line to Stenkullen, the line shares two pylons with the three-phase AC line from Stenkullen to Holmbokullen. These are beside the pylons at the terminal of HVDC Volgograd-Donbass at Volga-Hydroelectric Power Plant the only pylons carrying AC and DC circuits.
| Site | Coordinates |
|---|---|
| Vester Hassing HVDC Static Inverter | |
| Lyngsa Cable Terminal (Jutland) | |
| Tusholm Cable Terminal (Laeso) | |
| Osterby Cable Terminal (Laeso) | |
| Ambjörnhagen Cable Terminal (Sweden) | |
| Brattas Overhead Electrode Line Terminal (Sweden) | |
| Brännemysten Konti–Skan Electrode Line Branch | |
| Lindome Konti–Skan Branch Tower | |
| Lindome HVDC Static Inverter | |
| Stenkullen HVDC Static Inverter |