The Baba mountain range (Persian: Koh-i-Baba; Pashto: د بابا غر, də bābā γar) is a western extension of the Hindu Kush, and the origin of all three of Afghanistan’s major river systems, the Kabul, the Hilmand-Arghandab, and the Hari River. It is crowned by Foladi peak (Shah Fuladi, ) rising 4951 m; 16,244 ft. above sea level, just south of Bamiyan.
The Firozkhoi plateau (Karjistan) merges still farther to the west by gentle gradients into the Paropamise, and which may be traced across the Hari River to Mashad. To the south-west of the culminating peaks, long spurs divide the upper tributaries of the Helmand, and separate its basin from that of the Farah River. These spurs retain a considerable altitude, for they are marked by peaks exceeding 11,000 ft. They sweep in a broad band of roughly parallel ranges to the south-west, preserving their general direction till they abut on the Great Registan desert to the west of Kandahar, where they terminate in a series of detached and broken anticlinals whose sides are swept by a sea of encroaching sand. The long, straight, level-backed ridges which divide the Argandab, the Tarnak and Arghastan valleys, and flank the route from Kandahar to Ghazni.
The high jagged peaks above the Hajigak Pass, blue-black and shining, shimmer in the sunlight for they contain an estimated reserve of 2 billion tons of iron ore; Asia’s richest deposit. The very steep descent from the Hajigak Pass (3700 m; 140 ft.) with its numerous hairpin bends leads to the sparkling Kalu River, known locally as the Sauzao or Green Waters. It is bordered by poplars and several charming villages.
There is a mining camp high above the road at the bottom of the pass and almost any black stone picked from the side of the road in its vicinity will impress you with its weight. Piles of neatly stacked rock cleared from the fields impress one with the industry of these Hazara farmers. In the fall you may also see the ladies weaving in open fields beside their houses.
The Hajigak Pass with its natural beauty remains rugged and unpaved despite being the transit way into almost the whole central Afghanistan. The pass and its surrounding territories remain snow-covered through most part of the year, during which the traffic shifts to Shibar Pass.
The area is home to the Hazara ethnic group, who are one of the most neglected in Afghanistan and have a very low literacy rate. Much of the population heavily depends on agriculture as their prime source of income and potato the prime crop.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.[1]