| Lisburn | |
| Scots: Lisburn[1] | |
| Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach | |
Irish Linen Museum and Christ Church Cathedral |
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Lisburn
Lisburn shown within Northern Ireland |
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| Population | 71,465 (2001 Census) |
|---|---|
| - Belfast | 8 miles |
| District | Lisburn City |
| County | County Antrim County Down |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LISBURN |
| Postcode district | BT27 BT28 |
| Dialling code | 028 |
| Police | Northern Ireland |
| Fire | Northern Ireland |
| Ambulance | Northern Ireland |
| EU Parliament | Northern Ireland |
| UK Parliament | Lagan Valley |
| NI Assembly | Lagan Valley |
| Website | http://www.lisburn.gov.uk |
| List of places: UK • Northern Ireland • | |
Lisburn is a city in Northern Ireland. It is situated south-west of Belfast on the River Lagan, which is the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It had a population of 71,465 people in the 2001 Census and a population density of 243 per km².[2] The wider council area has a growing population of 114,000, making it the second largest council district, after Belfast.[3]
Formerly a borough, Lisburn was granted city status in 2002 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee celebrations. It is the third-largest city in Northern Ireland and the sixth-largest on the island of Ireland, though the proposed changes to the status of Tallaght would render it seventh.
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The town was originally known as Lisnagarvy (also spelt Lisnagarvey, Lisnegarvey, Lisnegarvy, Lisnegarvagh or Lisnagarvagh) after the townland in which it formed. This is derived from Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach meaning "ringfort of the gamesters/gamblers".[4]
The origin of the town's current name is uncertain. The modern spelling Lisburn first appears in a January 1662 entry in the church records. After February 1662, the name Lisnagarvy is no longer found in the records.[5] It is commonly believed that the town was renamed after being burnt during the Irish Rebellion of 1641.[6] In his book Lisburn Cathedral and Its Past Rectors (1926), Rev W P Carmody argues "This seems to be most improbable; after twenty years the burning would be a memory, and the loyal people of the town would not be disposed to give it a name that would be forever reminiscent of its destruction by rebels".[5] There is evidence that the name existed even at the time of the rebellion. In the depositions concerning the rebellion, an English soldier stated on 9 June 1653 that the rebels entered the town of Lisnagarvy at "a place called Louzy Barne".[7][5] Carmody believes that, in the town's early days, there were two co-existing ringforts: Lisnagarvy to the north and Lisburn to the south. He suggests that both names come from Irish and concludes: "Lisburn, being shorter and more easily pronounced by the English settlers, became the familiar name and Lisnagarvey gradually dropped out".[5]
The original name is still used in the titles of some local schools and sports teams.
Lisburn's original site was located on what is now known as Hill Street, on a hill above the River Lagan. There was also a fort on the north side of what is now known as Castle Gardens. In 1611 James I granted Sir Fulke Conway, a Welshman of Norman descent,[8] the lands of Killultagh in south-west County Antrim. During the 1620s the streets of Lisburn were laid out just as they are today: Market Square, Bridge Street, Castle Street and Bow Street. Conway brought over many English and Welsh settlers during the Ulster Plantation; he also had a manor house built on what is now Castle Gardens and in 1623 a church on the site of the current cathedral. The Manor House was destroyed in the accidental fire of 1707 and was never rebuilt; the city's Latin motto, Ex igne resurgam ("Out of the fire I shall arise"), is a reference to this incident.
Lisburn is also known as the birthplace of Ireland's linen industry, which was established in 1698 by Louis Crommelin and other Huguenots. An exhibition about the Irish linen industry is now housed in the Irish Linen Centre, which can be found in the old Market House in Market Square.[9]
Lisburn is one of the constituent cities that make up the Dublin-Belfast corridor region which has a population of just under 3 million.
Between 1954 and 1992 Lisburn contained the operational headquarters of No 31 Belfast Group Royal Observer Corps[10] who operated from a protected nuclear bunker on Knox Road within Thiepval Barracks. Converted from a 1940s Anti-aircraft Operations Room (AAOR) the bunker would support over one hundred ROC volunteers and a ten-man United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation warning team responsible for the famous Four-minute warning in the event of a nuclear strike on the UK. The ROC would also have detected radioactive fallout from the nuclear bursts and warned the public of approaching fallout.
The two organisations were disbanded in 1992 at the end of the Cold War. In 2007 a commemorative plaque was mounted on the wall of the nuclear bunker which still stands, in recognition of the service of ROC volunteers all over the Province. The BBC newsreader and steam railway enthusiast Sullivan Boomer was an Observer Commander in the ROC and served as Group Commandant of the Belfast group during the 1970s and 1980s.
Lisburn is the administrative centre of the Lisburn City Council area,[11] which also includes Hillsborough, Moira, Dromara, Glenavy, Dunmurry and Drumbo.
In elections for the Westminster Parliament the city falls mainly into the Lagan Valley constituency but partly into West Belfast.
The headquarters of the British Army in Northern Ireland at Thiepval Barracks and the headquarters of the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service are located in the city.
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1821 | 4,684 | — |
| 1831 | 5,745 | +22.7% |
| 1841 | 6,284 | +9.4% |
| 1851 | 6,533 | +4.0% |
| 1861 | 7,462 | +14.2% |
| 1871 | 7,876 | +5.5% |
| 1881 | 10,755 | +36.6% |
| 1891 | 12,250 | +13.9% |
| 1901 | 11,461 | −6.4% |
| 1911 | 12,388 | +8.1% |
| 1926 | 12,406 | +0.1% |
| 1937 | 13,042 | +5.1% |
| 1951 | 14,781 | +13.3% |
| 1961 | 17,700 | +19.7% |
| 1966 | 21,522 | +21.6% |
| 1971 | 31,836 | +47.9% |
| 1981 | 40,391 | +26.9% |
| 1991 | 42,110 | +4.3% |
| 2001 | 71,465 | +69.7% |
| [12] | ||
Demographics
Lisburn Urban Area is within Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA) and is classified as a Large Town by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (i.e. with population between 18,000 and 75,000 people). On census day (29 April 2001) there were 71,465 people living in Lisburn. Of these:
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Lisburn is notable for its large number of churches, with 134 churches listed in the Lisburn City Council area.[14] One of two cathedrals in the Church of Ireland Diocese of Connor is in Lisburn, Christ Church Cathedral.
Lisburn railway station was opened on 12 August 1839.[15] The railway remains a popular means of transport between Lisburn and Belfast, with the express trains taking 10–15 minutes to reach Belfast's Great Victoria Street. The train also links the city directly with Portadown, Lurgan, Moira and Bangor. The station also serves connections to Dublin which require a change at either Portadown or Belfast Central. All railway services from the station are provided by Northern Ireland Railways, a subsidiary of Translink.
The city has a favourable position on the Belfast-Dublin corridor, being connected with the former by the M1 motorway from which it can be accessed through junctions 3, 6, 7 and 8. The A1 road to Newry and Dublin deviates from the M1 at the Sprucefield interchange, which is positioned one mile southeast of the city centre. An inner orbital route was formed throughout the 1980s which has permitted the city centre to operate a one-way system as well as the pedestrianisation of the Bow Street shopping precinct.[18] In addition to this, a feeder road leading from Milltown on the outskirts of Belfast to Ballymacash in north Lisburn, was opened in 2006. This route connects with the A512 and permits traffic from Lisburn to easily access the M1 at junction 3 (Dunmurry) thus relieving pressure on the southern approaches to the city.[19]
The local area code, like the rest of Northern Ireland is 028. However all local 8-digit subscriber numbers are found in the form 92xx-xxxx. Before the Big Number Change in 2000, the STD code for Lisburn and its surrounding area was 01846.
As with the rest of the British Isles, Lisburn experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which online records are available is at Hillsborough,[20] about 3 miles south south west of the city centre.
Averaged over the period 1971-2000 the warmest day of the year at Hillsborough will reach 24.3 °C (75.7 °F)[21], although 9 out of 10 years should record a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above.[22]
Averaged over the same period, the coldest night of the year typically falls to −6 °C (21.2 °F)[23] and on 37 nights air frost was observed.[24]
Typically annual rainfall falls just short of 900mm, with at least 1mm falling on 154 days of the year.[25]
| Climate data for Hillsborough 116m asl, 1971-2000, Extremes 1960-2005 (Weather Station 3.0 Miles SSW of Lisburn) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
29.5 (85.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.4 (54.3) |
9.2 (48.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.10 (53.78) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
1.6 (34.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
10.8 (51.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.49 (41.89) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−10 (14.0) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 88.87 (3.4988) |
61.65 (2.4272) |
68.23 (2.6862) |
58.03 (2.2846) |
59.44 (2.3402) |
62.45 (2.4587) |
57.9 (2.28) |
77.89 (3.0665) |
79.98 (3.1488) |
91.85 (3.6161) |
84.72 (3.3354) |
91.03 (3.5839) |
882.04 (34.726) |
| Source: [26] Royal Netherlands meteorological Institute | |||||||||||||
The main hospital in the city is the Lagan Valley Hospital, which provides Accident and Emergency services to the area. The hospital lost its acute services in 2006. Residents now must travel to Belfast for acute surgery. The Lagan valley, as it is locally known, is also losing its 24 hour A&E from 1st August 2011 due to a shortage of Junior Doctors. It will now instead be open 9am-8pm. This has caused much controversy as residents of the city will now have to travel to Belfast or Craigavon.[27] Primary care in the area is provided by the Lisburn Health Centre, which opened in 1977.[28] The city lies within the South Eastern Health and Social Care Board area, formerly known as Down and Lisburn Trust.
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