| Khorasani Turkic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken in | Iran | |||
| Region | Khorasan | |||
| Native speakers | 400,000 (estimate)[1] (date missing) | |||
| Language family | ||||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-3 | kmz | |||
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Khorasani Turkic (Persian: ترکی خراسانی, Torki-e Khorasani), or Qizilbash Turkic , is a language variety in the Turkic language family. It is spoken in northern Khorasan in Iran. Khorasani Turkic speakers can also speak Persian.[2]
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Khorasani Turkic is spoken in the Iranian provinces of North Khorasan, near Bojnourd, and Razavi Khorasan, near Sabzevar, Quchan. If the Oghuz dialect of Uzbek is considered a dialect of Khorasani Turkic, its range extends into southern Uzbekistan.
Khorasani Turkic is split into North, South, and West dialects. The northern dialect is spoken in North Khorasan near Quchan; the southern in Soltanabad near Sabzevar; the western around Bojnourd.
Khorasani Turkic belongs to the Oghuz group of Turkic languages, which also includes Turkish, Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Turkmen, and Salar, as well as the Oghuz dialect spoken in Uzbekistan. Khorasani Turkish is most closely related to Oghuz Uzbek and Turkmen and is close to the Azerbaijani dialects spoken in Iran. Even though it is linguistically between Azerbaijani and Turkmen, it is not a dialect of either.[3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | q | |||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | x | ɣ | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||
| Flap/Tap | r | |||||||||||
| Lateral | l | |||||||||||
| Approximant | j | |||||||||||
Pluralization is marked on nouns with the suffix -lAr, which has the two forms -lar and -lær, depending on vowel harmony.
Nouns in Khorasani Turkish take a number of case endings that change based on vowel harmony and whether they follow a vowel or a consonant:
| Case | After Vowels | After Consonants |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | No Ending | |
| Genitive | niŋ/nin | iŋ/in |
| Dative | ya/yæ | a/æ |
| Accusative | ni/nɯ | i/ɯ |
| Locative | da/dæ | |
| Ablative | dan/dæn | |
| Instrumental | nan/næn | |
Possession is marked with a suffix on the possessed noun.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| First Person | (I)m | (I)mIz |
| Second Person | (I)ŋ | (I)ŋIz |
| Third Person | (s)I | lArI |
Khorasani Turkish has six personal pronouns. Occasionally, personal pronouns take different case endings from regular nouns.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| First Person | mæn | bɯz |
| Second Person | sæn | siz |
| Third Person | o | olar |
Verbs are declined for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. The infinitive form of the verb ends in -max.
| Translation | IPA | |
|---|---|---|
| Thus, there was a padishah named Ziyad. | ɑl ɣəssa bir ziyæːd pæːdiʃæːhiː bæːɾɨdɨ | |
| Almighty God had given him no son. | xodɒːʷændi æːlæm ona hit͡ʃ ɔɣul ataː elæmɑmiʃdi | |
| There he spoke to his vizier: "O Vizier, I have no son. What shall I do about it?" | bæːdæn vaziːɾæ dədi, ej vaziːɾ, mændæ ki ɔɣul joxdɨ, mæn næ t͡ʃaːɾæ eylem | |
| The vizier said: "Ruler of the whole world, what will you do with this possession?" | vaziːɾ dədi, pɒːdiʃaː-i ɢɨblæ-ji ɒːlæm, sæn bu mɒːlɨ-æmwɒːlɨ næjlijæsæn |
Tulu, Sultan (1989). Chorasantürkische Materialien aus Kalāt bei Esfarāyen. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. ISBN 3-922968-88-0.
Doerfer, Gerhard; Hesche, Wolfram (1993). Chorasantürkisch: Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, Indices. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03320-7.
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