Katoor Dynasty

The Katoor Dynasty (also spelled Katur and Kator) and its collateral branches ruled the ancient Kingdom of Chitral and its neighbours in the Eastern Hindukush Region for over four hundred years. At the height of their power under Mehtar Aman-ul-Mulk the territory controlled by the Mehtar of Chitral extended from Asmar in the Kunar Valley to Sher Qilla in the Gilgit Valley[1]. The Mehtars of Chitral were influential players in the power politics of the region as they acted as intermediaries between the Princes of Badakhshan, the Yousafzai Pashtuns, the Maharaja of Kashmir and later the Emirate of Afghanistan. The Katoor Mehtars also paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty of China until the mid-19th century.[2] Their economy largely relied upon the extraction of duties upon caravans travelling from Bokhara, Kashgar and Yarkand to the Punjab region. The Mehtars were also highly involved in the Central Asian Slave Trade. Following the Chitral Expedition of 1895, Chitral became a Princely State of the British Indian Empire. For the history of the Dynasty from 1895 onwards, refer to State of Chitral.

Contents

Origins

The Katoor Dynasty and its other branch, the Khushwaqt Dynasty, descend from a Sufi Mystic from Khorassan (the region between Merv, Masshad and Herat) named Ayub, Baba Hib-e-Sarmast. Some accounts claim that he was a son of Faridun Hussein, a son of Sultan Hussein, Padishah of Khorassan.

The name Katoor is an ancient one and has been in use long before the ancestor of the Katoors settled in Chitral. Theories include that it was a Kushan title of nobility.[3] Katoor also means dragon in the archaic Bashgali dialect of Nuristani. The title of Shah Katoor was given to Mohtaram Shah, the first ruler of the house, by a local holy man who claimed that his bravery and integrity were reminiscent of the pre-Islamic Katoor rulers of the region.

Territorial Expansion

When the Dynasty was first founded by Shah Katoor his domains included lower Chitral, the Kunar Valley down to Bar Kunar, the Lot-Kuh Valley and the Torkho and Mulkho regions of Upper Chitral. Under Shah Katoor II, Mastuj and the Yasin Valley also came under Katoor domination, though very briefly as the Khushwaqt rulers (also descended from Baba Ayub) retook these regions within years. The Kati and Kom tribes of Kafiristan (now Nuristan) were tributary to the Mehtar of Chitral until 1895. The tribes of Dir Kohistan and Swat Kohistan (Kalam) also paid a yearly tribute to the Katoor Mehtars. Shah Katoor II invaded Wakhan in retaliation for a raid on Chitral from Wakhan and forced the Mir of Wakhan to pay tribute.[4]. In 1876 Shah Aman-ul-Mulk conquered the Ghizer Valley (Excluding Yasin) and Puniyal and laid siege to the Dogra Garrison of the Maharaja of Kashmir in the Gilgit Fort. During this time the tribes of Darel, Tangir and Kandia and the State of Nagar paid tribute to the Mehtar of Chitral[5]. The Katoor Kingdom reached its territorial peak under Shah Aman-ul-Mulk when the Khushwaqt territories of Ghizer, Yasin and Ishkoman were conquered in 1880 [1].

Rulers

The rulers with the date of their accession:

  1. Muhtarram Shah Katur The First 1585
  2. Sangeen Ali The Second 1655
  3. Muhammad Ghulam 1691
  4. Shah Alam 1694
  5. Shah Muhammad Shafi 1696
  6. Shah Faramurd 1717
  7. Shah Afzal The First 1724
  8. Shah Fazil 1754
  9. Shah Nawaz Khan 1757
  10. Shah Khairullah 1761
  11. Shah Muhtarram Shah Katur The Second 1788
  12. Shah Afzal The Second 1838
  13. Muhtarram Shah Katur The Third 1854
  14. Aman-ul-Mulk 1856
  15. Afzal-ul-Mulk 1892
  16. Sher Afzal Khan 1892
  17. Sardar Nizam-ul-Mulk 1892
  18. Amir-ul-Mulk 1895
  19. Shuja-ul-Mulk 1895
  20. Muhammad Nasir-ul-Mulk 1936
  21. Muhammad Muzzafar-ul-Mulk 1943
  22. Saif-ur-Rehman 1949
  23. Muhammad Saif-ul-Mulk Nasir 1954

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.royalark.net/Pakistan/chitral5.htm
  2. ^ sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/26/2602579.pdf
  3. ^ Khan, Hussain (1996) Proceedings of the Second International Hindukush Cultural conference pg. 135
  4. ^ Faizi, Inyatullah (1996) Wakhan, A Window Into Central Asia pg.50
  5. ^ Ghufran, Mirza Tareekh-e-Chitral