| Karachay-Cherkess Republic | |||
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| Карачаево-Черкесская Республика (Russian) Къарачай-Черкес Республика (Karachay-Balkar) Къэрэшей-Шэрджэс Республикэ (Kabardian) |
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| — Republic — | |||
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| Anthem: National Anthem of Karachay-Cherkessia | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Political status | |||
| Country | Russia | ||
| Federal district | North Caucasian[1] | ||
| Economic region | North Caucasus[2] | ||
| Established | January 9, 1957[3] | ||
| Capital | Cherkessk | ||
| Government (as of August 2010) | |||
| - President[4] | Rashid Temrezov[5] | ||
| - Legislature | People's Assembly (Parliament)[4] | ||
| Statistics | |||
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[6] | |||
| - Total | 14,100 km2 (5,444.0 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 77th | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[7] | |||
| - Total | 477,859 | ||
| - Rank | 73rd | ||
| - Density | 33.89 /km2 (87.8 /sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 43.4% | ||
| - Rural | 56.6% | ||
| Time zone(s) | MSD (UTC+04:00)[8] | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | RU-KC | ||
| License plates | 09 | ||
| Official languages | Russian;[9] Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay, Nogai[10] | ||
| http://www.kchr.info/ | |||
The Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Russian: Карача́ево-Черке́сская Респу́блика, Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika; Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай-Черкес Республика; Kabardian: Къэрэшей-Шэрджэс Республикэ), or Karachay-Cherkessia (Карача́ево-Черке́ссия, Karachayevo-Cherkessiya) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Population: 477,859 (2010 Census).[7]
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There are 172 rivers on the territory of the republic. Major rivers include:
There are approximately 130 lakes in the republic.
The landscape of the republic is mostly mountainous (~80% of the territory). Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe, is situated on the border with the Kabardino-Balkar Republic.
Karachay-Cherkessia's natural resources include gold, coal, clays, and more.
Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast was created on January 12, 1922. It was split into Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Cherkess National District on April 26, 1926. Cherkess National District was elevated to an autonomous oblast status on April 30, 1928. In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was abolished and the Karachay population was deported to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan accused of collaboration with the Nazis. Most of the Karchay territory was split between Stavropol Krai and the Georgian SSR. The remaining territory populated by the Cherkessians was known as Cherkess Autonomous Oblast until January 9, 1957 when it was re-established into Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast in its former borders due to the re-habilitation of the Karachay. On July 3, 1991, the autonomous oblast was elevated to the status of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia (under the jurisdiction of the Russian SFSR). With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the words "Autonomous Soviet Socialist" was dropped from the name.
Population: 477,859 (2010 Census results);[7] 439,470 (2002 Census);[11] 417,560 (1989 Census).[12]
| Births | Deaths | Birth rate | Death rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 6,021 | 2,153 | 17.4 | 6.2 |
| 1975 | 6,619 | 2,288 | 18.5 | 6.4 |
| 1980 | 7,044 | 2,794 | 18.9 | 7.5 |
| 1985 | 8,119 | 3,350 | 20.6 | 8.5 |
| 1990 | 7,218 | 3,496 | 17.1 | 8.3 |
| 1991 | 7,145 | 3,713 | 16.7 | 8.7 |
| 1992 | 6,846 | 3,915 | 15.9 | 9.1 |
| 1993 | 5,569 | 4,336 | 12.9 | 10.0 |
| 1994 | 5,786 | 4,598 | 13.3 | 10.6 |
| 1995 | 5,633 | 4,501 | 12.9 | 10.3 |
| 1996 | 5,281 | 4,683 | 12.0 | 10.7 |
| 1997 | 4,987 | 4,615 | 11.3 | 10.5 |
| 1998 | 4,990 | 4,537 | 11.3 | 10.3 |
| 1999 | 4,523 | 4,707 | 10.3 | 10.7 |
| 2000 | 4,666 | 4,961 | 10.6 | 11.3 |
| 2001 | 4,778 | 4,911 | 10.9 | 11.2 |
| 2002 | 4,927 | 5,207 | 11.2 | 11.9 |
| 2003 | 5,088 | 5,427 | 11.6 | 12.4 |
| 2004 | 5,190 | 5,059 | 11.9 | 11.6 |
| 2005 | 5,194 | 5,131 | 12.0 | 11.9 |
| 2006 | 5,032 | 4,924 | 11.7 | 11.4 |
| 2007 | 6,066 | 4,626 | 14.2 | 10.8 |
| 2008 | 6,364 | 4,731 | 14.9 | 11.1 |
| 2009 | 6,200 | 4,711 | 13.7 | 10.4 |
| 2010 | 6,139 | 4,737 | 12.8 | 9.9 |
According to the 2010 Census,[7] Karachays make up 41% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (32%) and Cherkes (12%).
| Ethnic group |
1926 Census1 | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census3 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Karachays | 53,175 | 31.3% | 70,932 | 29.2% | 67,830 | 24.4% | 97,104 | 28.2% | 109,196 | 29.7% | 129,449 | 31.2% | 169,198 | 38.5% | 194,324 | 41.0% |
| Cherkess | 16,1862 | 9.5% | 17,667 | 7.3% | 24,145 | 8.7% | 31,190 | 9.0% | 34,430 | 9.4% | 40,241 | 9.7% | 49,591 | 11.3% | 56,466 | 11.9% |
| Abazins | 13,731 | 8.1% | 14,138 | 5.8% | 18,159 | 6.5% | 22,896 | 6.6% | 24,245 | 6.6% | 27,475 | 6.6% | 32,346 | 7.4% | 36,919 | 7.8% |
| Russians | 40,072 | 23.6% | 118,785 | 48.8% | 141,843 | 51.0% | 162,442 | 47.1% | 165,451 | 45.1% | 175,931 | 42.4% | 147,878 | 33.6% | 150,025 | 31.6% |
| Nogais | 6,263 | 3.7% | 6,869 | 2.8% | 8,903 | 3.2% | 11,062 | 3.2% | 11,872 | 3.2% | 12,993 | 3.1% | 14,873 | 3.4% | 15,654 | 3.3% |
| Ukrainians | 32,518 | 19.1% | 4,104 | 1.7% | 4,011 | 1.4% | 4,819 | 1.4% | 4,555 | 1.2% | 6,308 | 1.5% | 3,331 | 0.8% | 1,990 | 0.4% |
| Others | 8,082 | 4.8% | 10,703 | 4.4% | 13,068 | 4.7% | 15,138 | 4.4% | 17,362 | 4.7% | 22,573 | 5.4% | 22,253 | 5.1% | 18,892 | 4.0% |
| 1 The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Cherkess ND, the Karachay AO and adjacent areas. The latter areas were mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukranians.[13]
2 13,496 Kabardins and 2,690 Cherkess. 3 3,499 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[14] |
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The head of the government in Karachay-Cherkessia is the President. Until February 2011, the president was Boris Safarovich Ebzeyev, a former judge of the Constitutional Court of Russian Federation. Rashid Temrezov is currently the acting president.[5]
Ethnic tension is a considerable problem in the republic. In May 1999 Karachay-Cherkessia conducted its first ever free regional presidential election. When Vladimir Semyonov, a Karachay, won the election over Stanislav Derev, a Circassian, there were protests by supporters of Derev, with widespread allegations of fraud. A court ruling later upheld the election result, prompting thousands of Derev's supporters to march in protest, many advocating partition of the republic.
A car-bomb that killed two people in March 2001 was blamed on Chechen separatists. In September 2007, the FSB killed Abubakar, the chief Islamic extremist of the republic.
The republic is the home of what was the largest telescope of the world when it was built (the BTA-6), a very large radiotelescope (600 meters in diameter, RATAN-600), and the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science dedicated to the study of astronomy. These facilities are located on the bank of the Zelenchuk river, between the villages of Zelenchukskaya and Arkhyz.
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