| East Kalimantan Kalimantan Timur |
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| — Province — | |||
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| Motto: Ruhui Rahayu (Banjarese) (Perfect harmony the blessing from God) |
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| Location of East Kalimantan in Indonesia | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Indonesia | ||
| Capital | Samarinda | ||
| Government | |||
| • Governor | Awang Faroek Ishak | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 204,534.34 km2 (78,971.2 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2010)[1] | |||
| • Total | 3,550,586 | ||
| • Density | 17.4/km2 (45/sq mi) | ||
| Demographics | |||
| • Ethnic groups | Javanese (29,6%), Bugis (18,3%), Banjarese (13,9%), Dayak (9,91%), Kutai (9,2%) [2] | ||
| • Religion | Islam (85.2%), Christianity (13.2%), Buddhism (0.62%), Hinduism (0.19%) | ||
| • Languages | Indonesian (official), Banjar, Dayak, Kutai | ||
| Time zone | WITA (UTC+8) | ||
| Website | www.kaltimprov.go.id | ||
East Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Timur abbrv. Kaltim) is the second largest Indonesian province, located on the Kalimantan region on the east of Borneo island. The resource-rich province has two major cities, Samarinda (the capital and a center for timber product) and Balikpapan (a petroleum center with oil refinery). Ever since Indonesia opened its mineral and natural resources for foreign investment in 1970s, East Kalimantan province has experienced major boost of timber, petroleum and other exotic forest products. The state-owned petroleum company Pertamina has been operating in the area since it took control oil refinery from the Royal Dutch Shell company in 1965.
The population is a mixture of people from the Indonesian archipelago with Dayaks and Kutai as indigenous ethnic groups living in rural areas. Other prominent migrant ethnic groups include Javanese, Chinese, Banjarese, Bugis and Malays, who mostly live in coastal areas.
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This province is the location of the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, Kutai, the existence of which is attested to by a stone manuscript, or Prasasti, which is now kept in the National Museum in Jakarta. The manuscript is written in the Pallava alphabet and the Sanskrit language. The replica of this manuscript can be seen in the Governor's Office in Samarinda.
Inscriptions on seven stone pillars (yupa posts) erected in the fifth century BCE on the command of a local ruler, King Mulavarman, records his victories, his generosity to brahmins, his princely genealogy.[3]
East Kalimantan is divided into 10 regencies and 4 cities.
| Name | Capital | Population 2005 estimate |
Population 2010 Census |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paser Regency | Tanah Grogot | 174,420 | 231,593 |
| North Penajam Paser Regency (Penajam Paser Utara) | Penajam | 120,508 | 142,693 |
| Balikpapan City | Balikpapan | 469,884 | 559,196 |
| West Kutai Regency (Kutai Barat) | Sandawar | 151,227 | 165,934 |
| Kutai Kartanegara Regency | Tenggarong | 490,607 | 626,286 |
| Samarinda City | Samarinda | 574,439 | 726,223 |
| Bontang City | Bontang | 120,348 | 140,787 |
| East Kutai Regency (Kutai Timur) | Sangatta | 174,018 | 253,904 |
| Berau Regency | Tanjung Redep | 148,437 | 179,444 |
| Malinau Regency | Malinau | 49,517 | 62,423 |
| Bulungan Regency | Tanjung Selor | 101,980 | 113,045 |
| Tana Tidung Regency | Tideng Pale | 15,147 | |
| Tarakan City | Tarakan | 155,716 | 193,069 |
| Nunukan Regency | Nunukan | 109,773 | 140,842 |
| Totals | Samarinda | 2,840,874 | 3,550,586 |
According to the "Jakarta Post" of 22 July 2004, there is a proposal to create a new province of North Kalimantan (Kalimantan Utara). It would be split from East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) by taking the regencies (kabupaten) of Bulungan, Malinau and Nunukan, and the city (kotamadya) of Tarakan. Since that date, a new regency (Tana Tidung Regency) has been created in 2007 out of part of Bulungan Regency, so this would also fall within a putative North Kalimantan Province.
Illegal logging has destroyed a great part of the rainforest. Less than half the original rainforest still remains, in places such as the Kayan Mentarang National Park in the northern part of the province and the Kutai National Park.
East Kalimantan's economy heavily depends on earth resources such as oilfield exploration, natural gas, as well as coal and gold mining. Balikpapan has an oil refinery plant that was built by Dutch governance before World War II, destroyed during World War II, and rebuilt by Indonesia Governance.
Other developing economic sectors includes agriculture and tourism. East Kalimantan has several tourist destination such as Derawan Islands in Berau Regency, Kayan Mentarang National Park ini Nunukan, Crocodile Husbandry in Balikpapan, deer husbandry in Penajam, Dayak's (native Kalimantan people) Pampang Village in Samarinda and many others.
Among the many obstacles to developing economic growth is lack of transportation infrastructure. Transportation depends on traditional boats connecting coastal cities and areas along main river, Mahakam River.
Besides unique Derawan Islands, East Kalimantan has another unique site, Labuan Cermin Lake at Biduk-biduk district which has fresh water on top of the lake with about 2 meters thickness and sea water below the fresh water up to the bottom of the lake. In the fresh water there are fresh water fish and also in the sea water there are sea water fish. Cermin means Mirror due to the water is very clear, so we can mirror on it. The site is very natural without any facilities there.[4]
| Sarawak, Malaysia | Sabah, Malaysia | Celebes Sea | ||
| West Kalimantan | Makassar Strait | |||
| East Kalimantan | ||||
| Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan | Makassar Strait |
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